Chapter 2 Flashcards
Who was Marco Polo?
Marco Polo…
- was (one of) the first European men to go to Asia.
- was called the “man of a million stories.”
- wrote a book about his travels to Asia.
- inspired people to want to find a route to Asia, which led to Columbus accidentally finding the Americas.
What was the Columbian Exchange?
The Columbian Exchange was the transfer of people, plants, animals, and disease between Europe and the Americas.
What were the positive changes of the Columbian Exchange?
The positive changes were…
- New crops
- New opportunities for Europeans to visit the Americas
- Europeans brought crops like wheat and rice to the Americas
- Europeans also brought domesticated animals: cows, pigs, and horses
What were the negative changes of the Columbian Exchange?
The negative changes were…
1. Diseases were spread in the Americas - some areas had small pox outbreaks which decimated 90% of some American Indian tribes.
Who were the first slaves in America?
The American Indians
Why were slaves needed in the Americas?
The explorers needed to have labourers on their gold mines and plantations.
What happened to the American Indian slaves?
Most died of small pox or overworking.
What was a major motivation for exploration and settlement of the New World?
A major motivation for settlement in the Americas was to find riches and to claim land for their (the explorers’) countries.
Basically…
They wanted money by either making a profit, finding riches, or both.
The Aztecs were an Indian tribe located in _____,Mexico. Their ruler was _____, and their conqueror was _____.
Tenochtitlán, Montezuma, Hernán Cortés
The Incas were an Indian tribe located in _____. Their ruler was _____, and their conqueror was _____.
Peru, Atahualpa, Francisco Pizarro
Who was Hernán Cortés?
Hernán Cortés was the Spanish conquistador that conquered the Aztecs. The Aztecs thought that he was their white-skinned god, Quetzalcoatl. The spread of small pox and help from Indians who were enemies of the Aztecs helped Cortés conquer the Aztecs. He built Mexico City on top of the Tenochtitlán ruins.
Who was Francisco Pizarro?
Francisco Pizarro was the Spanish conquistador that conquered the Incas in Peru. He kidnapped their emperor, Atahualpa, and attacked the weak and divided Incas. The spread of small pox killed most of them.
Who was Ponce de Leon?
Ponce de Leon was the explorer that sailed with Columbus on his second voyage in search of the fountain of youth. He never found it but claimed the peninsula he searched “La Florida,” for present-day Florida.
What were the 7 factors to consider in looking for a new place to establish a community?
- Fresh water
- Fertile soil
- Friendly neighbours
- Mild climate
- Near a river or ocean
- Near a forest
- Area for spotting enemies (for defence)
