Chapter 2

Question 1

Extraneous variables

Answer 1

Any variables that could influence results of the study other than the specific variables

Question 2

Logical positivism

Answer 2

The truth is absolute and can be discovered by careful measurements

Question 3

Qualitative research

Answer 3

Systematic collection and thematic analysis of narrative data

Question 4

Naturalism

Answer 4

Constructed by individuals experiencing a phenomenon

Question 5

Phenomenology

Answer 5

Focuses on lived experiences

Question 6

Ethnography

Answer 6

Focuses on cultural patterns of thought and behaviors

Question 7

Grounded theory

Answer 7

Focuses on social processes

Question 8

Dependent variable

Answer 8

A behavior, characteristic or outcome that the researcher wishes to explain or predict

Question 9

Independent variable

Answer 9

Presumed cause of or influence on the dependent variable

Question 10

Validity

Answer 10

Completeness and conceptual accuracy of measures

Question 11

Descriptive statistics

Answer 11

Procedures that organize and summarize large volumes of data including measures of central tendency and measures of variability

Question 12

Measures of central tendency

Answer 12

Provide a single numerical value that denotes the average value for a variable

Question 13

Measures of variability

Answer 13

Describe how values for a variable are dispersed

Question 14

Inferential statistics

Answer 14

Allows researchers to test hypotheses about relationships between variables or differences between groups

Question 15

Statistically significant

Answer 15

Not likely to have occurred only by chance

Question 16

Scientific validation

Answer 16

Thorough critique of a study for its conceptual and methodological integrity

Question 17

Comparative analysis

Answer 17

Involves assessing study findings for their implementation potential

Question 18

Quantitative research

Answer 18

Systematic collection, statistical analysis, interpretation of numerical data

Question 19

P:

Answer 19

Patient, population, problem of interest

Question 20

I

Answer 20

Intervention or therapy to consider for the subject of interest

Question 21

C

Answer 21

Comparison of interventions, such as no treatment

Question 22

O

Answer 22

Outcome of the intervention

Question 23

P:

Answer 23

Patient, population, problem of interest

Question 24

I

Answer 24

Intervention or therapy to consider for the subject of interest

Question 25

C

Answer 25

Comparison of interventions, such as no treatment

Question 26

O

Answer 26

Outcome of the intervention