Chapter 2 Flashcards
Pattern evidence
Produced by direct contact between a person and an object or between two objects (like lip prints)
Conditional evidence
Produced by a specific event or action, important in crime scene reconstruction (lip prints, etc)
Transfer evidence
Produced by contact between person(s) or object(s) or between person(s) or …
Associative evidence
Items that may associate a victim of suspect with a scene of each other (ex personal belongings)
Physical evidence
Tangible items that tend to prove some material fact (real evidence)
Testimonial evidence
What is said in court by a competent witness
Direct evidence
What is said in court by a competent witness
Prima facie evidence
What is said in court by a competent witness. (Testimonial and direct evidence)
Indirect evidence
Evidence providing only a basis for inference about the disputed fact
Circumstantial evidence
Evidence based on suggestion rather than personal knowledge or observation
Individual evidence
Material that can be related to a single source; individualizations always involves a comparison
Class evidence
Material that can be associated only with a group of items that share properties or characteristics
Probative value
The ability of evidence to prove something that is material to a crime
Questioned or unknown sample
Material that has been collected from a known location but is of unknown origin
Known or control sample
Material that comes from a proven or known source
Value of physical evidence (9 points)
- may prove that a crime has been committed
- establish key elements of a crime
- link a suspect with
- establish the identity
- corroborate verbal witness
- exonerate the innocent
- give detectives leads
- can be any material or object
- if can take on almost any form