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Honors Chemistry > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three points of John Dalton’s atomic theory?

A
  1. Elements are composed of atoms
  2. In chemical reactions, atoms move from one substance to another
  3. Compounds form when atoms combine
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2
Q

What is an atom?

A

The smallest particle of an element

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3
Q

What are the 3 laws of chemistry?

A
  1. The law of conservation of mass (rearrangement)
  2. The law of constant composition (ratio)
  3. The law of multiple proportions (you cannot have half an atom therefore the subscripts must be whole)
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4
Q

Who discovered electrons?

A

J.J. Thomson using the Cathode Ray Tube Experiment

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5
Q

What charge do electrons have?

A

Negative 1

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6
Q

What region of the atom are electrons found in?

A

The outer region of the atom

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7
Q

Who found the nucleus?

A

Rutherford using the gold foil experiment

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8
Q

What is found in the nucleus? (* the two subatomic particles)

A

Protons- which have a positive 1 charge

and

Neutrons- which do not have a charge

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9
Q

The atomic # equals INSERT Z SYMBOL

A

of protons

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10
Q

In a neutral atom the # of protons equals

A

of electrons

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11
Q

Mass Number (A) equals

A

of protons + # of electrons

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12
Q

An isotope has

A

same # of protons, but different electrons

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13
Q

The nuclear symbol is made up of what 3 components? INSERT PHOTO

A

Mass #, atomic #, and element symbol

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14
Q

Nuclear stability for lighter elements means

A

The # of protons = the # of neutrons

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15
Q

Nuclear stability for heavier elements means

A

of protons

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16
Q

Unstable isotopes may give off what 3 types of radiation

A
  1. Beta particles (β)
  2. Alpha particles (α)
  3. Gamma radiation(γ)
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17
Q

What makes the periodic table periodic?

A

Repeating reactivity

18
Q

A horizontal row on the periodic table is called a

A

Period

19
Q

A column of elements on the periodic table is called a

A

Group (families)

20
Q

The group 1 elements are called

A

Alkali metals

21
Q

Inert means

A

Nonreactive

22
Q

Group 2 elements are called

A

Alkaline earth metals

23
Q

Group 17 elements are called

A

Halogens

24
Q

Group 18 elements are called

A

Noble gases (these are inert)

25
Q

Elements in the same group on the periodic table have

A

Similar reactivity

26
Q

As the periods on the periodic table increase so does

A

The atomic #s of elements

27
Q

This part of the periodic table can be identified as INSERT PIC

A

Main group elements

28
Q

This part of the periodic table can be identified as INSERT PIC

A

Transition metals

29
Q

This part of the periodic table can be identified as INSERT PIC

A

Post transition metals

30
Q

This part of the periodic table can be identified as INSERT PIC

A

Inner transition metals

31
Q

the post transition metals are

A 
Ga- gallium
In- indium
Sn- tin
Tl- thallium
Pb- lead
Bi- bismuth
32
Q

Who is given credit for the first periodic table?

A

dmitri mendeleev

33
Q

Name the metalloids on the periodic table

A 
B-boron
Si-silicon
Ge-germanium
As-arsenic
Sb-antimony
Te-tellurium
At*-astatine
34
Q

Molecules are made up of what combination

A

Nonmetal and nonmetal

35
Q

What is the charge of a molecule?

A

They are uncharged

36
Q

The elements on this part of the periodic table can be identified as INSERT PIC

A

Metalloids

37
Q

What type of bonds do molecules have

A

Covalent bonds, which means they share electrons

38
Q

This is an example of what formula of molecules INSERT PIC

A

Molecular formula

39
Q

This is an example of what formula of molecules INSERT PIC

A

Structural formula

40
Q

This is an example of what formula of molecules INSERT PIC

A

Condensed structural formula

41
Q

What is the importance of John Dalton

A

Came up with the atomic model of matter

Honors Chemistry (3 decks)

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