Chapter 2 Flashcards
nervous system
The nervous system is a complex network of interconnected nerve fibers that functions to regulate many important bodily functions, including the response to and recovery from stress,
sympathetic nervous system
this plays an important role in reaction to stress. it prepares the body to respond to emergencies, to strong emotions, such as anger or fear, and to strenuous activity. catabolic system.
parasympathetic nervous system
this controls the activities of organs under normal circumstances and acts antagonistically to the sympathetic nervous system. anabolic system
the brain
recieves afferent (sensory) impulses from the peripheral nerve endings and sends efferent (motor) impulses to the extremities and to internal organs to carry our necessary movement. Hindbrain, midbrain, forebran.
the medulla
It is heavily responsible for the regulation of heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration. The medulla receives information about the rate at which the heart is contracting, and speeds up or slows down the heart rate as required.
the pons
The pons serves as a link between the hindbrain and the midbrain. It also helps control respiration.
The cerebellum
coordinates voluntary muscle movement, the maintenance of balance and equilibrium, and the maintenance of muscle tone and posture
The midbrain
is the major pathway for sensory and motor impulses moving between the fore brain and the hindbrain. It is also responsible for the coordination of visual and auditory reflexes.
The thalamus
is involved in the recognition of sensory stimuli and the relay of sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex.
The hypothalamus
helps regulate the centers in the medulla that control cardiac functioning, blood pressure, and respiration. It is also responsible for the regulating of water balance in the body and for regulating appetites, including hunger and sexual desire.
The cerebral cortex
is the largest portion of the brain and is involved in higher order intelligence, memory, and personality.
The cerebral cortex consists of four lobes:
frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital.
Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system prompts the secretion of large quantities of two neurotransmitters, epinephrine and nor epinephrine, together termed the _________.
catecholamines.
Agina pectoris,
or chest pain, which occurs because the muscle tissue of the heart must continue its activity without a sufficient supply of oxygen or adequate removal of carbon dioxide and other waste materials.
Myocardial infarction (MI)
which is most likely to occur when a clot has developed in a coronary vessel and blocks the flow of blood to the heart. A myocardial infarction, also known as a heart attack, can become the result.
