Chapter 2 Flashcards
What is base pairing rules
The rule that describes how the nucleotides form bonds in DNA eight always bonds with T and G always bonds with C
What is central dogma
The theory that states in cells information only flows from DNA to RNA proteins
What is a condon ?
A sequence of three nucleotides that codes from one amino acid
What is DNA polymerase
It is an enzyme that makes bonds between nucleotides forming an identical strand of DNA during replication
What is a double helix
It is a model that compares the structure of a DNA molecule in which two strands wind around one another to that of a twisted latter
What is an Exon?
A sequence of DNA that codes information for protein synthesis
What is frameshift mutation
Mutation that involves the insertion or deletion of a nuclear tide in a DNA sentence
What is an intron
A segment of a gene that does not code for an amino acid
What is messenger RNA
It is a form of RNA that carries genetic information from the nuclear us to the Saytoe plaza where it serves as a template for proteins synthesis
What is a Mutagen
It is an agent that can induce or increase the frequency of mutations in organisms
What is a mutation
It is the change in the DNA sentence
What is a nucleotide
It is a monomer that forms DNA and has a phosphate group of sugar and a nitro containing base
What is a operon
A section of DNA that contains all of the code to begin transcription regulate transcription and build a protein including a pro motor and regulatory Gene and a structural or Gene
What is point mutation
A mutation that involves substitution of only one nucleotide
What is a promoter
Section of DNA to which RNA polymerase binds , starting the transcription of mRNA
What is replication
IThe process by which DNA is copied
What is ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
RNA that is formed in the Ribosome and guides the translation of mRNA into a protein also used as a molecular clock
What is RNA
It is nucleic acid molecule that allows for the transmission of a genetic information in protein synthesis
RNA polymerase
Enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of a complementary strand of RNA from a DNA template
Start codon
Ribosomes to begin translation codes for the first amino acids in a protein
Stop codon
Ribosomes to stop translation
Transcription
Process of copying a nucleotide sequence to form a complementary strand of mRNA
Transfer RNA tRNA
Brings amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis
Translation
Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced
What is the definition of bacteriophage
Virus that insects bacteria
What is acid
A compound that donates a proton when dissolved in a solution
What is activation energy
Energy input necessary to initiate a chemical reaction
What is adhesion
It is the attraction between molecules of different substances
What is the amino acid
It is a molecule that makes up proteins composed of carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen and sometimes sulfur
What is an atom
It is the smallest basic unit of life
What is the base
It is a compound that excepts a proton when dissolved in a solution
What is bond energy
It is the amount of energy needed to break a bond between two particular Adams or the amount of energy released when I bond forms between two particular Adams
What is a carbohydrate
It is a molecule composed of carbon hydrogen and oxygen include sugars and starches
What is a catalyst
It is a substance that decreases activation energy and increase his reaction rate in a chemical reaction
What is a chemical reaction
It is the process by which a substance changes in different substances through breaking and forming chemical bonds
Yeah is cohesion
Attraction between molecules of the same substance
What is a compound
A substance made atoms of different elements that are bonded together in a particular ratio
What is a colvalent bond
A chemical bond formed when two atoms share one or more pair of electrons
What is an element
It is a substance made of only one type of atom that cannot be broken down by chemical means
What is an endothermic reaction
A chemical reaction that requires that requires a net input of energy
What is an enzyme
It is a protein that catalyzes a chemical reactions for organisms
What is an equilibrium?
A condition in which reactants and products of a chemical reaction are formed at th same rate
What is an exothermic reaction
A chemical reaction that yields a net release of the entertainment in the form of heat
What is a fatty acid
Hydrocarbon chain often bonded to glycerol in a lipid
What is a hydrogen bond
It is an attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom
What is an ion
An atom that has gained or lost one or more elections
What is an ionic bond
It is a chemical bond formed through the electrical force between oppositely charged ions
What is a lipid
It is a nonpolar molecule composed of a carbon , hydrogen , and oxygen ; includes fats and oils
What is a molecule
Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds; not necessary a compound
What is an monomer
A molecular subunit of a polymer
What is a nucleic acid
It is a polymer of a nucleotides ; the genetic material of organisms
What is pH
A measurement of acidity ; relation to free hydrogen ion concentration in solution
What is a polymer
It is large , carbon-based molecule formed by monomers
What is a product
It is a substance formed by a chemical reaction
What is a protein
It is a polymer composed of amino acids linked between peptide binds ; finds into a particular structure depending on bi said of amino acids
What is a reactant
It is the substance that is changed in a chemical reaction
What is a solute
It is a substance that dissolves in a solvent and is now event at a lower concentration than solvent
What is a solution
A mixture that is consistent throughout ; also called a homogenous mixture
What is a solvent
A subtrance in which solutes dissolve and that is present in greatest concentration in a solution
What is a substrate
It is a reactant in a chemical reaction upon which an enzyme acts
