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Unit 1 : chemistry Of Life > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is base pairing rules

A

The rule that describes how the nucleotides form bonds in DNA eight always bonds with T and G always bonds with C

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2
Q

What is central dogma

A

The theory that states in cells information only flows from DNA to RNA proteins

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3
Q

What is a condon ?

A

A sequence of three nucleotides that codes from one amino acid

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4
Q

What is DNA polymerase

A

It is an enzyme that makes bonds between nucleotides forming an identical strand of DNA during replication

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5
Q

What is a double helix

A

It is a model that compares the structure of a DNA molecule in which two strands wind around one another to that of a twisted latter

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6
Q

What is an Exon?

A

A sequence of DNA that codes information for protein synthesis

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7
Q

What is frameshift mutation

A

Mutation that involves the insertion or deletion of a nuclear tide in a DNA sentence

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8
Q

What is an intron

A

A segment of a gene that does not code for an amino acid

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9
Q

What is messenger RNA

A

It is a form of RNA that carries genetic information from the nuclear us to the Saytoe plaza where it serves as a template for proteins synthesis

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10
Q

What is a Mutagen

A

It is an agent that can induce or increase the frequency of mutations in organisms

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11
Q

What is a mutation

A

It is the change in the DNA sentence

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12
Q

What is a nucleotide

A

It is a monomer that forms DNA and has a phosphate group of sugar and a nitro containing base

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13
Q

What is a operon

A

A section of DNA that contains all of the code to begin transcription regulate transcription and build a protein including a pro motor and regulatory Gene and a structural or Gene

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14
Q

What is point mutation

A

A mutation that involves substitution of only one nucleotide

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15
Q

What is a promoter

A

Section of DNA to which RNA polymerase binds , starting the transcription of mRNA

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16
Q

What is replication

A

IThe process by which DNA is copied

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17
Q

What is ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

A

RNA that is formed in the Ribosome and guides the translation of mRNA into a protein also used as a molecular clock

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18
Q

What is RNA

A

It is nucleic acid molecule that allows for the transmission of a genetic information in protein synthesis

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19
Q

RNA polymerase

A

Enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of a complementary strand of RNA from a DNA template

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20
Q

Start codon

A

Ribosomes to begin translation codes for the first amino acids in a protein

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21
Q

Stop codon

A

Ribosomes to stop translation

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22
Q

Transcription

A

Process of copying a nucleotide sequence to form a complementary strand of mRNA

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23
Q

Transfer RNA tRNA

A

Brings amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis

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24
Q

Translation

A

Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced

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25
Q

What is the definition of bacteriophage

A

Virus that insects bacteria

26
Q

What is acid

A

A compound that donates a proton when dissolved in a solution

27
Q

What is activation energy

A

Energy input necessary to initiate a chemical reaction

28
Q

What is adhesion

A

It is the attraction between molecules of different substances

29
Q

What is the amino acid

A

It is a molecule that makes up proteins composed of carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen and sometimes sulfur

30
Q

What is an atom

A

It is the smallest basic unit of life

31
Q

What is the base

A

It is a compound that excepts a proton when dissolved in a solution

32
Q

What is bond energy

A

It is the amount of energy needed to break a bond between two particular Adams or the amount of energy released when I bond forms between two particular Adams

33
Q

What is a carbohydrate

A

It is a molecule composed of carbon hydrogen and oxygen include sugars and starches

34
Q

What is a catalyst

A

It is a substance that decreases activation energy and increase his reaction rate in a chemical reaction

35
Q

What is a chemical reaction

A

It is the process by which a substance changes in different substances through breaking and forming chemical bonds

36
Q

Yeah is cohesion

A

Attraction between molecules of the same substance

37
Q

What is a compound

A

A substance made atoms of different elements that are bonded together in a particular ratio

38
Q

What is a colvalent bond

A

A chemical bond formed when two atoms share one or more pair of electrons

39
Q

What is an element

A

It is a substance made of only one type of atom that cannot be broken down by chemical means

40
Q

What is an endothermic reaction

A

A chemical reaction that requires that requires a net input of energy

41
Q

What is an enzyme

A

It is a protein that catalyzes a chemical reactions for organisms

42
Q

What is an equilibrium?

A

A condition in which reactants and products of a chemical reaction are formed at th same rate

43
Q

What is an exothermic reaction

A

A chemical reaction that yields a net release of the entertainment in the form of heat

44
Q

What is a fatty acid

A

Hydrocarbon chain often bonded to glycerol in a lipid

45
Q

What is a hydrogen bond

A

It is an attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom

46
Q

What is an ion

A

An atom that has gained or lost one or more elections

47
Q

What is an ionic bond

A

It is a chemical bond formed through the electrical force between oppositely charged ions

48
Q

What is a lipid

A

It is a nonpolar molecule composed of a carbon , hydrogen , and oxygen ; includes fats and oils

49
Q

What is a molecule

A

Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds; not necessary a compound

50
Q

What is an monomer

A

A molecular subunit of a polymer

51
Q

What is a nucleic acid

A

It is a polymer of a nucleotides ; the genetic material of organisms

52
Q

What is pH

A

A measurement of acidity ; relation to free hydrogen ion concentration in solution

53
Q

What is a polymer

A

It is large , carbon-based molecule formed by monomers

54
Q

What is a product

A

It is a substance formed by a chemical reaction

55
Q

What is a protein

A

It is a polymer composed of amino acids linked between peptide binds ; finds into a particular structure depending on bi said of amino acids

56
Q

What is a reactant

A

It is the substance that is changed in a chemical reaction

57
Q

What is a solute

A

It is a substance that dissolves in a solvent and is now event at a lower concentration than solvent

58
Q

What is a solution

A

A mixture that is consistent throughout ; also called a homogenous mixture

59
Q

What is a solvent

A

A subtrance in which solutes dissolve and that is present in greatest concentration in a solution

60
Q

What is a substrate

A

It is a reactant in a chemical reaction upon which an enzyme acts

Unit 1 : chemistry Of Life (1 decks)

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