Chapter 2

Question 1

Adverse drug event

Answer 1

Any undesirable occurrence related to administering or failing to administer a prescribed medication

Question 2

Adverse drug reaction

Answer 2

Any unexpected, unintended, undesired, or excessive response to medicine given at therapeutic dosages (as opposed to overdose)

Question 3

Adverse effects

Answer 3

A general term for any undesirable effects that are a direct response to one or more drugs

Question 4

Agonist

Answer 4

A drug that binds to an stimulates the activity of one or more receptors in the body

Question 5

Allergic reaction

Answer 5

An immunologic hypersensitivity reaction resulting from the unusual sensitivity of a patient to a particular medication; a type of adverse drug event

Question 6

Antagonist

Answer 6

A drug that binds to and inhibits the activity of one or more receptors in the body. Antagonists are also called inhibitors

Question 7

Antagonistic effects

Answer 7

Drug interactions in which the effects of a combination of two or more drugs is less than the sum of the individual effects of the same drugs given alone
1+1

Question 8

Bioavailability

Answer 8

A measure of the extent of drug absorption for a given drug and route (from 0% to 100%)

Question 9

Biotransformation

Answer 9

One or more biochemical reactions involving a parent drug. Bio-transformation occurs mainly in the liver and produces a metabolite that is either inactive or active.
Also known as metabolism.

Question 10

Blood brain barrier

Answer 10

The barrier system that restricts the passage of various chemicals in microscopic entities between the bloodstream and the CNS
** allows for passage of essential substances such as oxygen

Question 11

Chemical name

Answer 11

The name that describes the chemical composition and molecular structure of a drug

Question 12

Contraindication

Answer 12

Any condition, especially when related to disease state or patient characteristics, including current or recent drug therapy, that renders a particular form of treatment improper or undesirable

Question 13

Cytochrome P – 450

Answer 13

The general name for a large class of enzymes that play significant role in drug metabolism and drug interactions

Question 14

Dependence

Answer 14

A state in which there is a compulsive or chronic need, as for a drug

Question 15

Dissolution

Answer 15

The process by which solid forms of drugs disintegrate in the gastrointestinal tract and become soluble before being absorbed into the circulation

Question 16

Drug

Answer 16

Any chemical that affects the physiologic processes of a living organism

Question 17

Drug actions

Answer 17

The processes involved in the interaction between a drug in body cells; also called MECHANISM OF ACTION

Question 18

Drug classification

Answer 18

A method of grouping drugs; maybe based on structure or therapeutic use

Question 19

Drug effects

Answer 19

Physiological reactions of the body to a drug. The terms onset, peak, and duration are used to describe drug effects.

Question 20

Drug induced Teratogenesis

Answer 20

The development of congenital anomalies or defects in the developing fetus caused by toxic effects of drugs

Question 21

Drug interaction

Answer 21

Alteration in the pharmacologic or pharmacokinetic activity of a given drug caused by the presence of one or more additional drugs-usually the enzymes

Question 22

Duration of action

Answer 22

The length of time the concentration of a drug in the blood or tissues sufficient to elicit a response

Question 23

Enzymes

Answer 23

Protein molecules that catalyze one or more of a variety of biochemical reactions including those related to the bodies physiologic processes as well as those related to drug metabolism

Question 24

Additive effect

Answer 24

Drug interactions in which the effect of a combination of two or more drugs with similar actions is equivalent to the sum of the individual effects of the same drugs given alone.
1+1=2