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Applied Clinical Pathology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The lower respiratory system consists of the

A

Trachea

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2
Q

The gas exchange in the lung takes place in the

A

Alveoli

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3
Q

On full inspiration, the diaphragm projects at the level of the

A

8th posterior intercostal space

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4
Q

The disease process that is characterized by secretion of excessive viscous mucus is

A

Cystic fibrosis

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5
Q

Lack of lung development in premature infants that radiographically demonstrates as an air-bronchogram is:

A

Hyaline membrane disease

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6
Q

Major radiographic signs are pulmonary over-inflation, alterations is pulmonary vascularization, bullae formation in:

A

Emphysema

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7
Q

The most common work-related lung disease is

A

Silicosis

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8
Q

Pneumoconiosis demonstrates radiographically as:

A

Scattered nodules and pleural thickening

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9
Q

Granulous represent

A

Scarred lung tissue due to infection

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10
Q

Lung cancers originating in the glandular structures of the bronchial tree are known as

A

Bronchial adenoma

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11
Q

A staphylococcal infection primarily in the bronchi or bronchiolar mucosa describes

A

Bronchopneumonia

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12
Q

Pneumonia appears radiographically as a(n)

A

Opacification

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13
Q

Tuberculosis survives outside the host for a long period of time due to its

A

Size

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14
Q

A disease of the lung caused by a fungus is

A

Pulmonary mucous

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15
Q

As a result of epithelial necrosis, the radiograph demonstates an interstitial pneumonia in cases of

A

Respiratory syncytial virus

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16
Q

If an upright image cannot be obtained, what other position would demonstrate pleural effusion?

A

Lateral decubitus

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17
Q

Which of the following chest pathologies requires a decrease in technical factors from a “normal” chest radiograph?

A

Pneumothorax

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18
Q

Which of the following respiratory pathologies is not associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

A

Bronchitis

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19
Q

Croup is

A

A viral infection of the subglottis

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20
Q

High-resolution CT has replaced Nuclear V/Q scans in diagnosing

A

Pulmonary emboli

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21
Q

A filling defect seen in the pulmonary artery is indicative of

A

Pulmonary emboli

22
Q

Abnormal connection between the pulmonary arteries and veins results in a pulmonary

A

Arteriovenous fistula

23
Q

Pneumothorax radiographically demonstrates as

A

An area without pulmonary markings

24
Q

Thickened infected liquid or pus in the pleural space describes

A

Empyema

25
Q

The mediastinum contains the following organs or structures:

A

Heart, trachea, esophagus, and thymus gland

26
Q

To best demonstrate the mediastinum, the chest image must be completed with

A

No rotation, true PA positioning

27
Q

Paradoxical movement of the diaphragm best demonstrated on fluoroscopy describes

A

Paralysis of the diaphragm

28
Q

The major function of the respiratory system is to

1) Provide oxygen for the blood
2) Remove oxygen from the body tissue
3) Provide carbon dioxide to body tissue
4) Remove carbon dioxide from the blood

A

1 & 4

29
Q

The two major functions of the respiratory system are
a.
b.

A

a. Oxygenation of the blood

b. Removal of the body’s waste products

30
Q

The lower respiratory system consists of
a.
b.
c.

A

a. trachea
b. bronchi
c. bronchioles

31
Q

The lower respiratory system is responsible for__________from the upper respiratory system.

A

conducting air

32
Q

The tracheobronchial tree contains_______projections called cilia.

A

hairlike

33
Q

_______prevent duct and foreign particles from reaching the lungs.

A

Cilia

34
Q

When cilia permits particles to enter the respiratory system (due to damage), the particles_______to produce a disease process.

A

proliferate

35
Q

External respiration occurs in the_______(____ ___________)

A

alveoli (lung parenchyma)

36
Q

Oxygen attaches to the ___________molecules in the red blood cells to circulate to virus tissue throughout the body; this is considered ____________respiration

A

hemoglobin, internal

37
Q

The__________ and__________muscles are stimulated to contract, causing the lungs to______________.

A

diaphragm, intercostal, fill with air

38
Q

Pulmonary circulation provides the____with oxygenated blood.

A

body

39
Q

The inner lining surrounding and attached to the lung wall is the________________.

A

visceral pleura

40
Q

Irregular thickening of the linear chest markings due to excessive viscous mucus is the radiographic appearance in____________ ____________.

A

Cystic fibrosis

41
Q

________consists of lipoproteins and provides the proper surface tension in the alveoli, allowing full external respirations.

A

Surfactant

42
Q

__________is characterized by the cause and location of the disease process in the lung.

A

Pneumonia

43
Q

A lung abscess appears as a__________density characteristically having a ___________ ____________periphery.

A

special, hazy, poorly defined

44
Q

A bacterium is rod-shapes with a waxy coat allowing it to live outside the body for an extended time is ________ _______.

A

mycobacterium tuberculosis

45
Q

Pulmonary infiltration(s), most commonly in the periphery of the parenchyma, that may resemble pneumonia are the radiographic appearance of_______________.

A

coccidiosis mycosis

46
Q

Respiratory syncytial virus is responsible for the increased rate of_________ infections because of the ability of the virus to persist on surfaces for many hours.

A

nosocomial

47
Q

Emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and asthma are examples of_________.

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

48
Q

In_________, the lung reacts to occupational exposure of silica, which results in extensive fibrosis.

A

silicosis

49
Q

________ ________causes peripheral atelectasis and pneumonitis due to bronchial obstruction.

A

bronchial adenoma

50
Q

An abnormal vascular can’t communication between the pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein a pulmonary _________ _________.

A

arterial venous fistula

Applied Clinical Pathology (1 decks)

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