Chapter 2 Flashcards
What is the law of definite proportions?
A pure chemical will always contain the same elements in the same relative amounts.
What is the law of multiple proportions?
The same elements can combine in different ratios to give different compounds.
Each element has a unique…?
Atomic number
What does the atomic number tell you?
The number of protons and/or electrons.
What are elections involved with?
Being on the outside of the atom, and involved in chemical bonding.
What is an isotope?
Two different atoms of an element can have different masses.
What is the mass number?
The sum of protons/electrons and neutrons.
It is not unique to an element.
What is the conservation of matter law?
Mass is conserved in chemical changes, and mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical changes
What is an element?
A fundamental substance, cannot be simplified
What is a compound?
A result of chemical combination of elements.
Rows and periods sort the periodic table which way?
Horizontally
Families sort the periodic table which way?
Vertically
Which group is 1A?
Alkali metals
Which group is 2A?
Alkaline Earth metals
Which group is 6A?
Chalcogens
Which group is 7A?
Halogens
Which group is 8A?
Noble gasses
Where are the non-metals?
Right of staircase
Where are the metals?
Left of staircase
Where are the metalloids?
In the staircase
What is light?
A form of electromagnetic radiation.
Energy increases from which way?
Left to right?
Which elements follow the octet rule?
C,N,O,Cl
What are valence electrons?
Electrons in the outermost shell, have a similar configuration in same family or group
What is shielding?
It reduces the attractive force between an electron and its nucleus.
How does Zeff change in the periodic table?
Increases left to right, and down a column
How does atomic radius change in the periodic table?
Decreases down, increases right to left
How does Ionization Energy change in the periodic table?
Increases across a period, left to right
What is election affinity?
The energy released when a neutral atom in the gas phase gains an electron.
What is Ionization Energy?
The energy required to remove an electron from the ground state of a neutral atom in a gas phase.
