Chapter 2 Flashcards by Rebecca Nathan

Neutron

Carries no electrical charge

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Electron

Carries a relative charge of -1

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Ion

An atom with an unequal number of protons and electrons

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Cation

Carries an overall positive charge

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Anion

Carries an overall negative charge

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Atomic weight

The average mass of all naturally occurring isotopes of that element

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Groups (periodic)

Vertical columns

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Periods (periodic)

Horizontal rows

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Group 1A

Alkaline metals

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Group 7A

Halogens

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Group 2A

Alkaline earth metals

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Group 8A

Noble gases

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A groups

Main group elements

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B groups

Transition metals

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Covalent compounds

Atoms of different elements held together with covalent bonds

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Molecular formula

Contains a symbol for each element present and a subscript number to identify the number of atoms of each element in the molecule

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Empirical formula

Represents the simplest whole number ratio of elements in a compound

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Mono

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Tri

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Tetra

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Penta

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Hexa

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Hepta

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Octa

Nona

Deca

Dodeca

H2O2

Hydrogen peroxide

Ammonia

NH3

N2H4

Hydrazine

Nitric acid

NO2

Nitrogen dioxide

SO2

Sulfur dioxide

Sulfur trioxide

SO3

Carbon monoxide

CO2

Carbon dioxide

Chlorine monoxide

ClO

Disulfur decafluoride

S2F10

CH4

Methane

C2H6

Ethane

C3H8

Propane

C4H10

Butane

C5H12

Pentane

C6H14

Hexane

C8H18

Octane

C10H22

Decane

HClO4

Perchloric acid

HClO3

Chloride acid

HClO2

Chlorous acid

HClO

Hypochlorous acid

HBrO4

Perbromic acid

HBrO3

Bromic acid

HBrO2

Bromous acid

HBrO

Hypobromous acid

HIO4

Periodic acid

HIO3

Iodic acid

HIO2

Iodous acid

HIO

Hypoiodous acid

HCl

Hydrochloric acid

HBr

Hydrobromic acid

H2S

Hydrogen sulfide

H3PO4

Phosphoric acid

HNO3

Nitric acid

HNO2

Nitrous acid

H2SO4

Sulfuric acid

H2SO3

Sulfurous acid

NH4+

Ammonium

OH-

Hydroxide

CN-

Cyanide

CH3CO2-

Acetate

SO3 2-

Sulfite

SO4 -2

Sulfate

HSO4-

Hydrogen sulfate (bisulfate)

S2O3 2-

Thiosulfate

PO4 3-

Phosphate

HPO4 2-

Hydrogen phosphate

H2PO4-

Dihydrogen phosphate

SCN-

Thiocyanate

OCN-

Cyanate

NO2-

Nitrite

NO3-

Nitrate

ClO-

Hypochlorite

ClO2-

Chlorite

ClO3-

Chlorate

ClO4-

Perchlorate

ClO3 2-

Carbonate

HCO3-

Hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate)

C2O4 2-

Oxalate

Cr2O7 2-

Dichromate

CrO4 2-

Chromate

MnO4-

Permanganate

Covalent compounds

Contain only nonmetals | Are named using prefixes to indicate the number of each element in a formula

Ionic compounds

Contain nonatomic and/or polyatomic ions Usually contain metals and nonmetals but can also contain only nonmetals Are NEVER named using prefixes Are sometimes names with the cation charge in Roman numerals with parentheses

Proton

Carries a relative charge of +1