Chapter 2-4 - Cytology

Question 1

Hydrophobic

Answer 1

Water fearing

components - the lipid “tail” components; favor the middle of the bilayer

Question 2

Nucleic acid

Answer 2

A complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain

Question 3

Plastid

Answer 3

Any of a class of small organelles, such as chloroplasts, in the cytoplasm of plant cells, containing pigment or food

Question 4

Chloroplast

Answer 4

Plastid specialized for carrying out photosynthesis

Question 5

Nucleolus

Answer 5

Name for the dark staining region in a typical eukaryotic nucleus that functions to synthesize ribosomal subunits

Question 6

MJ Schleiden

Answer 6

German scientist who, along with Schwann, published the cell theory in 1839

Question 7

Golgi

Answer 7

Last name of the Italian physician who discovered an organelle that bears his name; appears as flattened membranes and functions to modify cell products

Question 8

Virchow

Answer 8

German pathologist who noticed the new cells can only arise from pre-existing cells

Question 9

Prokaryote

Answer 9

Cell type found in the kingdom archaebacteria and eubacteria; lacks well-defined nucleus & membrane-bound organelles

Question 10

Plasmodesmata

Answer 10

Membrane junction found in plant cells that enables substances to easily move from cell to cell

Question 11

Phospholipid

Answer 11

Plasma membrane component that is found in two distinct layers; has a head and a tail

Question 12

Autotroph

Answer 12

An organism that produces its own food using radiant energy from the sun, carbon dioxide, & water; literally self + nourish

Question 13

Light

Answer 13

Source of illumination for the microscope you use in lab; Luke Skywalker sought this side of the force

Question 14

Eukaryote

Answer 14

Cell type that has a true nucleus & membrane bound organelles

Question 15

Cytoskeleton

Answer 15

Network of proteins that act as an internal scaffolding for the cell

Question 16

Heterotroph

Answer 16

An organism that must obtain, in its diet, preformed organic molecules

Question 17

Facilitated

Answer 17

Term for diffusion that uses a carrier protein to move a substance across a cell membrane

Question 18

Mitochondrion

Answer 18

The “powerhouse” of the cell; oval “alien” organelle

Question 19

Peroxisome

Answer 19

Membrane bound sac containing enzymes that help destroy harmful substances like poisons, a.k.a micro-body

Question 20

Nicholson

Answer 20

Scientist who worked with Singer to develop the fluid Mosaic model of plasma membrane structure; also an actor named Jack

Question 21

Cholesterol

Answer 21

Molecule that helps maintain plasma membrane fluidity by preventing the lipid molecules from adhering

Question 22

The “G” in the G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle

Answer 22

Gap

Question 23

Hydrophobic

Answer 23

Term used to describe the attitude of the lipid components of a phospholipid; literally means water + fearing

Question 24

Mosaic

Answer 24

Descriptive term for the nature of the plasma membrane’s make up of several different individual parts; a decoration made up of many colored pieces

Question 25

The “S” in the cell cycle

Answer 25

Synthesis

Question 26

Type of Electron microscope that bombards a gold-plated specimen to produce a highly magnified image

Answer 26

Scanning

Question 27

Cristae

Answer 27

Highly folded inner membrane of a mitochondrion; site of cellular respiration

Question 28

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Answer 28

Dutch lens asker who constructed a crude microscope and used it to discover “animalcules.”

Question 29

Mitosis

Answer 29

Cell process that physically separates the replicated genetic information into two diploid daughter cells

Question 30

Phagocytosis

Answer 30

Form of endocytosis where large particles of food are taken through the cell membrane

Question 31

Electron microscope type used to study the ultra structure of cell organelles

Answer 31

Transmission

Question 32

Fragmentation

Answer 32

Laboratory technique used to disrupt the cell membrane and isolate specific organelles for further study

Question 33

Isotonic

Answer 33

Term for a solution that has the same solute concentration as the reference call

Question 34

Schleiden’s cohort in crime; helped propose the three principles of the cell theory

Answer 34

Schwann

Question 35

Microvilli

Answer 35

Tiny, fingerlike extensions of the plasma membrane of some cells that help increase the surface area for absorption

Question 36

Cell junction type where adjoining cells are “welded” together to prevent separation

Answer 36

Desmosome

Question 37

Exocytosis

Answer 37

Cell process that involves the release of products using cell vesicles

Question 38

Hypotonic

Answer 38

Term for a solution that has a lower solvent concentration than the reference call, I.e. distilled water

Question 39

Centriole

Answer 39

Animal cell organelle that is nothing more than a bundle of microtubules that assist with cell division by attaching to the chromosomes

Question 40

Lysosome

Answer 40

Cell body that contains digestive enzymes used to break down food vacuoles and worn out cell components

Question 41

Type of plasma membrane protein that attach to the outer membrane surface

Answer 41

Peripheral