Chapter 2-4 - Cytology Flashcards
Hydrophobic
Water fearing
components - the lipid “tail” components; favor the middle of the bilayer
Nucleic acid
A complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain
Plastid
Any of a class of small organelles, such as chloroplasts, in the cytoplasm of plant cells, containing pigment or food
Chloroplast
Plastid specialized for carrying out photosynthesis
Nucleolus
Name for the dark staining region in a typical eukaryotic nucleus that functions to synthesize ribosomal subunits
MJ Schleiden
German scientist who, along with Schwann, published the cell theory in 1839
Golgi
Last name of the Italian physician who discovered an organelle that bears his name; appears as flattened membranes and functions to modify cell products
Virchow
German pathologist who noticed the new cells can only arise from pre-existing cells
Prokaryote
Cell type found in the kingdom archaebacteria and eubacteria; lacks well-defined nucleus & membrane-bound organelles
Plasmodesmata
Membrane junction found in plant cells that enables substances to easily move from cell to cell
Phospholipid
Plasma membrane component that is found in two distinct layers; has a head and a tail
Autotroph
An organism that produces its own food using radiant energy from the sun, carbon dioxide, & water; literally self + nourish
Light
Source of illumination for the microscope you use in lab; Luke Skywalker sought this side of the force
Eukaryote
Cell type that has a true nucleus & membrane bound organelles
Cytoskeleton
Network of proteins that act as an internal scaffolding for the cell
Heterotroph
An organism that must obtain, in its diet, preformed organic molecules
Facilitated
Term for diffusion that uses a carrier protein to move a substance across a cell membrane
Mitochondrion
The “powerhouse” of the cell; oval “alien” organelle
Peroxisome
Membrane bound sac containing enzymes that help destroy harmful substances like poisons, a.k.a micro-body
Nicholson
Scientist who worked with Singer to develop the fluid Mosaic model of plasma membrane structure; also an actor named Jack
Cholesterol
Molecule that helps maintain plasma membrane fluidity by preventing the lipid molecules from adhering
The “G” in the G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle
Gap
Hydrophobic
Term used to describe the attitude of the lipid components of a phospholipid; literally means water + fearing
Mosaic
Descriptive term for the nature of the plasma membrane’s make up of several different individual parts; a decoration made up of many colored pieces
The “S” in the cell cycle
Synthesis
Type of Electron microscope that bombards a gold-plated specimen to produce a highly magnified image
Scanning
Cristae
Highly folded inner membrane of a mitochondrion; site of cellular respiration
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Dutch lens asker who constructed a crude microscope and used it to discover “animalcules.”
Mitosis
Cell process that physically separates the replicated genetic information into two diploid daughter cells
Phagocytosis
Form of endocytosis where large particles of food are taken through the cell membrane
Electron microscope type used to study the ultra structure of cell organelles
Transmission
Fragmentation
Laboratory technique used to disrupt the cell membrane and isolate specific organelles for further study
Isotonic
Term for a solution that has the same solute concentration as the reference call
Schleiden’s cohort in crime; helped propose the three principles of the cell theory
Schwann
Microvilli
Tiny, fingerlike extensions of the plasma membrane of some cells that help increase the surface area for absorption
Cell junction type where adjoining cells are “welded” together to prevent separation
Desmosome
Exocytosis
Cell process that involves the release of products using cell vesicles
Hypotonic
Term for a solution that has a lower solvent concentration than the reference call, I.e. distilled water
Centriole
Animal cell organelle that is nothing more than a bundle of microtubules that assist with cell division by attaching to the chromosomes
Lysosome
Cell body that contains digestive enzymes used to break down food vacuoles and worn out cell components
Type of plasma membrane protein that attach to the outer membrane surface
Peripheral
