Chapter 2 Flashcards
Egocentric bias
Bias toward perceiving and recalling oneself as a central actor in past events. Anthony Greenwald said autobiography is colored by this.
Self-reference effect
The finding that information is recalled better when it is relevant to the self that when it is not.
Facial feedback hypothesis
The hypothesis that changes in facial expression can lead to corresponding changes in emotion.
Facials feedback hypothesis experiment
Conducted by James Laid. He showed subjects cartoons and attached them to electrodes on their faces. Happier when they were smiling than frowning.
Social comparison theory
The theory that people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves to others.
Two Factor theory of emotion
The theory that the experience of emotion is based on two factors: physiological arousal and a cognitive interpretation of that arousal. Made by Stanley Schachter
Overjustification
The tendency for intrinsic motivation to diminish for activities that have become associated with reward or other extrinsic factors.
Self-handicapping
Behaviors designed to sabotage one’s own performance in order to provide a subsequent excuse for failure. First described by Stephen Berglas and Edward Jones.
Individualistic
Self-reliant, independent, and assertive
Collectivist
Groups, what is best for society as a whole rather than the individual
Self-discrepancy theory
The theory by E. Tory Higgins- the theory linking the perception of discrepancies between a person’s self-concept and various self-guides to specific, negative emotional states. Your self-esteem is defined by the match between how you see yourself and how you want to see yourself.
Introspective
A looking inward at one’s own thoughts and feelings.
Basking in reflected glory
Increasing self-esteem by associating with others who are successful.
BIRG experiment
Robert Cialdini gave students a general knowledge test and rigged the results so half would succeed and half would fail. The students were asked to describe in their own Peres the outcome of a recent football game. Students who thought they failed the test were more likely than those who thought they had succeeded to share in their teams victory by saying we won and distance themselves from the defeat by saying they lost.
Self-perception theory
By Daryl Bem. The theory that when internal cues are difficult to interpret, people gain self-insight by observing their own behavior.
