Chapter 2

Question 1

Realism

Answer 1

Anarchy (no hierarchy of principle)
States are the only actors
Balance of Power (their motivation to act)
There is an inevitability of conflict
Self-help

Question 2

Balance of power

Answer 2

“the theory that national survival in an anarchic world is most likely when military power is distributed to prevent a single hegemon or bloc from dominating the state system”

Question 3

Anarchy

Answer 3

“the absence of a higher authority with the legitimacy and coercive capability to make and enforce rules that bind states”

Question 4

Liberalism

Answer 4

International regime
Anarchy (there is no world government)
States and non-states are actors
Cooperation (we are wired to cooperate)

Question 5

International regime

Answer 5

“a set of principles, norms, and rules governing behavior within a specified issue area”

Question 6

Constructivism

Answer 6

Anarchy
States are the only actors
Ideas, norms (generalized standards of behavior that embody collective expectations about appropriate conduct), and [identities]

Question 7

Feminist approach to IR

Answer 7

Feminist theory attacked the exclusion of women in discussions about international affairs as well as the injustice and unequal treatment of women this prejudice caused. As feminist theory evolved over time, it moved away from focusing on a history of discrimination and began to explore how gender identity shaped foreign policy decision making and how gendered hierarchies reinforced practices that perpetuated inequalities between men and women.

Question 8

Environmentalist approach to IR

Answer 8

The Environmentalist approach to International Relations sees every issue we have as environmental.

Question 9

Democratic Peace Theory

Answer 9

“the theory that although democratic states sometimes wage wars against other states, they do not fight each other”

Question 10

Treaty of Westphalia

Answer 10

The modern nation-state system was born with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, which ended the Thirty Years’ War.

Question 11

World Systems Theory

Answer 11

In the modern world system, constitutive norms of sovereignty define what counts as statehood, whereas regulative norms that either constrain or enable specify how sovereign states ought to conduct themselves.