Chapter 2 Flashcards
Apples contain which nutrient which has an anti-inflammatory and anti-allergy properties among other functions?
Quercetin, a member of the flavonoid family
No matter what you are trying to achieve, what is the most important and the first step of any nutrition program?
Paying attention and planning your food
Which food or drinks contain resveratrol?
Red grapes or red wine
Which effect does resveratrol have on the enzymes in the body?
Maintains longer cell life
What happens when you have a leaky gut syndrome?
Food leaks through a weak intestinal barrier
Which antibodies are involved in causing immune-complex disease?
IgG antibodies
What happens when you have IgG antibodies?
Food gets into your bloodstream and your immune system makes antibodies that attach to the food (antigen-antibody complex)
If you have IgG antobodies, what happens once the food gets into your bloodsteram and the immune system makes antibodies that attach to the food, and the particles settle into the tissues?
Causes local inflammation and damage, which then results in an even bigger immune attack to this tissue (believed to be one of the main mechanisms behind the development of rheumatoid arthritis)
Evidence suggests that all people with autoimmune diseases also have which syndrome?
Leaky gut syndrome
Gluten is found in which grains?
Wheat, barley, rye, kamut and spelt
Oats don’t naturally contain gluten but….?
Are likely contaminated by it unless the label says they’re gluten free
Which grains are naturally gluten free?
Rice, quinoa, buckwheat, and millet
Gluten consists of other proteins, the main ones being?
Gliadin and glutenin
Why is gluten a bigger problem in today’s society?
- More exposed to gluten
2. Your digestive system is a mess
What happens in celiac disease, what do the immune cells attack and damage for this disease to present itself?
Damages the villi in the digestive tract
What is the purpose of the villi in the digestive tract?
Increases the surface area of intestinal wall, increases absorption
What are digestive symptoms of celiac disease after gluten consumption?
Diarrhea, gas, bloating
Which nutrients do people with celiac disase have problems with aborbing?
Protein, fat, vitamins and minerals
What are symptoms of not being able to absorb nutrients such as protein, fat, vitamins and minerals?
Anemia Feeling tired Frequently sick Lose hair Can cause stunted growth (children)
Which diseases have often been associated with celiac disease?
Autoimmune thyroid disease, rheumatoid arthritis, MS
How is it believed that gluten can cause attack on other tissues such as tissues in small intestine, the thyroid, myelin, and joints?
Gluten has a similar amino acid structure as these tissues due to molecular mimicry, immune system also attack these tissues
What could be the earliest signs of potential celiac disease with testing?
Positive AGA test
When you eat bad fats, they create an increase in a molecule called? Which in turn creates what?
Arachidonic acid
Creates inflammatory molecules called eicosanoids
Many studies have linked nutrients which may help treat autoimmune disease, the best evidence so far has been found with which nutrients?
Essential fatty acids Vitamin D Vitamin A Zinc Selenium Green tea
What are the important fats within the omega- 3 fats?
EPA and DHA
What is the fat within the omega- 6 fat which is important for the immune system?
GLA
Where can omega- 6 be found?
Evening primrose, black currant, and borage oil supplements
What happens to the cell membrane if you eat a lot of omega- 3 and 6 fats?
They become loose and fluid
What happens to the cell membrane if you eat a lot of transfat and saturated fat?
They go into the cell membrane and make them stiff
What happens to GLA when it is consumed in the body?
It converts it to DGLA and transpots it into the membranes of the overactive immune cells, reducing their activity
What is the overall effect of GLA on overstimulated immune cells?
Calming effect
What are the molecules called which fat cells can be converted to which either increase or decrease inflammation in the body?
Prostaglandins
How can you increase the amount of PGE1 in the body?
Eating GLA-containing foods
What are some of the beneficial effects of PGE1?
Reduces inflammation
Reduces circulating immune complexs
Decreases overactive T cells
low vitamin D levels have been associated to which diseases?
MS Rheumatoid arthritis Lupus Insulin-dependent diabetes Inflammatory bowel disease
What is the active form of vitamin D called?
Cholecalciferol (D3)
Where is D2 found?
In some plants
Which form of vitamin D is hard to convert into the active kind in the body?
D2
