Chapter 2

Question 1

Apples contain which nutrient which has an anti-inflammatory and anti-allergy properties among other functions?

Answer 1

Quercetin, a member of the flavonoid family

Question 2

No matter what you are trying to achieve, what is the most important and the first step of any nutrition program?

Answer 2

Paying attention and planning your food

Question 3

Which food or drinks contain resveratrol?

Answer 3

Red grapes or red wine

Question 4

Which effect does resveratrol have on the enzymes in the body?

Answer 4

Maintains longer cell life

Question 5

What happens when you have a leaky gut syndrome?

Answer 5

Food leaks through a weak intestinal barrier

Question 6

Which antibodies are involved in causing immune-complex disease?

Answer 6

IgG antibodies

Question 7

What happens when you have IgG antibodies?

Answer 7

Food gets into your bloodstream and your immune system makes antibodies that attach to the food (antigen-antibody complex)

Question 8

If you have IgG antobodies, what happens once the food gets into your bloodsteram and the immune system makes antibodies that attach to the food, and the particles settle into the tissues?

Answer 8

Causes local inflammation and damage, which then results in an even bigger immune attack to this tissue (believed to be one of the main mechanisms behind the development of rheumatoid arthritis)

Question 9

Evidence suggests that all people with autoimmune diseases also have which syndrome?

Answer 9

Leaky gut syndrome

Question 10

Gluten is found in which grains?

Answer 10

Wheat, barley, rye, kamut and spelt

Question 11

Oats don’t naturally contain gluten but….?

Answer 11

Are likely contaminated by it unless the label says they’re gluten free

Question 12

Which grains are naturally gluten free?

Answer 12

Rice, quinoa, buckwheat, and millet

Question 13

Gluten consists of other proteins, the main ones being?

Answer 13

Gliadin and glutenin

Question 14

Why is gluten a bigger problem in today’s society?

Answer 14

1. More exposed to gluten

2. Your digestive system is a mess

Question 15

What happens in celiac disease, what do the immune cells attack and damage for this disease to present itself?

Answer 15

Damages the villi in the digestive tract

Question 16

What is the purpose of the villi in the digestive tract?

Answer 16

Increases the surface area of intestinal wall, increases absorption

Question 17

What are digestive symptoms of celiac disease after gluten consumption?

Answer 17

Diarrhea, gas, bloating

Question 18

Which nutrients do people with celiac disase have problems with aborbing?

Answer 18

Protein, fat, vitamins and minerals

Question 19

What are symptoms of not being able to absorb nutrients such as protein, fat, vitamins and minerals?

Answer 19

Anemia
Feeling tired
Frequently sick
Lose hair
Can cause stunted growth (children)

Question 20

Which diseases have often been associated with celiac disease?

Answer 20

Autoimmune thyroid disease, rheumatoid arthritis, MS

Question 21

How is it believed that gluten can cause attack on other tissues such as tissues in small intestine, the thyroid, myelin, and joints?

Answer 21

Gluten has a similar amino acid structure as these tissues due to molecular mimicry, immune system also attack these tissues

Question 22

What could be the earliest signs of potential celiac disease with testing?

Answer 22

Positive AGA test

Question 23

When you eat bad fats, they create an increase in a molecule called? Which in turn creates what?

Answer 23

Arachidonic acid

Creates inflammatory molecules called eicosanoids

Question 24

Many studies have linked nutrients which may help treat autoimmune disease, the best evidence so far has been found with which nutrients?

Answer 24

Essential fatty acids
Vitamin D
Vitamin A
Zinc
Selenium
Green tea

Question 25

What are the important fats within the omega- 3 fats?

Answer 25

EPA and DHA

Question 26

What is the fat within the omega- 6 fat which is important for the immune system?

Answer 26

GLA

Question 27

Where can omega- 6 be found?

Answer 27

Evening primrose, black currant, and borage oil supplements

Question 28

What happens to the cell membrane if you eat a lot of omega- 3 and 6 fats?

Answer 28

They become loose and fluid

Question 29

What happens to the cell membrane if you eat a lot of transfat and saturated fat?

Answer 29

They go into the cell membrane and make them stiff

Question 30

What happens to GLA when it is consumed in the body?

Answer 30

It converts it to DGLA and transpots it into the membranes of the overactive immune cells, reducing their activity

Question 31

What is the overall effect of GLA on overstimulated immune cells?

Answer 31

Calming effect

Question 32

What are the molecules called which fat cells can be converted to which either increase or decrease inflammation in the body?

Answer 32

Prostaglandins

Question 33

How can you increase the amount of PGE1 in the body?

Answer 33

Eating GLA-containing foods

Question 34

What are some of the beneficial effects of PGE1?

Answer 34

Reduces inflammation
Reduces circulating immune complexs
Decreases overactive T cells

Question 35

low vitamin D levels have been associated to which diseases?

Answer 35

MS
Rheumatoid arthritis
Lupus
Insulin-dependent diabetes
Inflammatory bowel disease

Question 36

What is the active form of vitamin D called?

Answer 36

Cholecalciferol (D3)

Question 37

Where is D2 found?

Answer 37

In some plants

Question 38

Which form of vitamin D is hard to convert into the active kind in the body?

Answer 38

D2