Chapter 2

Question 1

Frontal lobe

Answer 1

sense of self, motor control, and higher mental abilities such as reasoning and planning

Question 2

Parietal lobe

Answer 2

sensation such as touch, temperature, and pressure

Question 3

Occipital lobe

Answer 3

vision

Question 4

Cerebellum

Answer 4

posture, coordination muscle tone, and memory of skills and habits

Question 5

Temporal lobe

Answer 5

hearing and language

Question 6

Neuron

Answer 6

an individual nerve cell

Question 7

Central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 7

the brain and spinal cord

Question 8

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Answer 8

all parts of the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord

Question 9

Nerve

Answer 9

a bundle of neuron axons

Question 10

Somatic nervous system (SNS)

Answer 10

the system of nerves linking the spinal cord with the body and sense organs.

Question 11

Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Answer 11

the system of nerves carrying information to and from the internal organs and glands

Question 12

Sympathetic branch

Answer 12

the branch of the ANS that arouses the body

Question 13

Parasympathetic branch

Answer 13

the branch of the ANS that quiets the body

Question 14

Dendrites

Answer 14

neuron fibers that receive incoming messages

Question 15

Soma

Answer 15

the main body of a neuron or other cell

Question 16

Axon

Answer 16

fiber that carries information away from the cell body of a neuron

Question 17

Axon terminals

Answer 17

bulb shaped structures at the ends of axons that form synapses with the dendrites and somas of other neurons .

Question 18

Myelin Sheath

Answer 18

a layer of fatty cells segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons
enables vastly greater transmission speed of neutral impulses

Question 19

Threshold

Answer 19

the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse

Question 20

Action Potential

Answer 20

a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon
generated by the movement of positively charges atoms in and out of channels in the axon’s membrane

Question 21

Epinephrine

Answer 21

the major stress neurotransmitter, related to blood pressure, heart rate.

Question 22

Norepinephrine

Answer 22

a second stress neurotransmitter. High levels of this hormone are seen in states of anxiety and insomnia. It is released in response to perceived threat.

Question 23

Dopamine

Answer 23

modulates the effect of the excitatory hormones, and is necessary for states of relaxation and mental alertness.

Question 24

Serotonin

Answer 24

a master neurotransmitter, is manufactured from tryptophan. It is found all over the body and is necessary to modulate the levels of the stress hormones.

Question 25

GABA

Answer 25

is the foremost inhibitory neurotransmitter in the body. GABA is involved with insomnia, anxiety, and depression.

Question 26

Neurotransmitters

Answer 26

chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gaps between neurons
when released by the sending neuron, neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron, thereby influencing whether it will generate a neural impulse

Question 27

Synapse

Answer 27

junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron
tiny gap at this junction is called the synaptic gap or cleft

Question 28

Neurogenesis

Answer 28

the production of new brain cells

Question 29

Reflex arc

Answer 29

the simplest behavior, in which a stimulus provokes an automatic response.