Chapter 2-3 Study guide midterm Flashcards
Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act
• Drugs are placed in one of five schedules with regulatory requirements associated with each schedule. Schedule one is a high potential for abuse.
Danger of a drug
How the drug is being used (smoked, injecting, ingesting, snorting) Smoking or injecting drugs is the most acute problem because it gets into the bloodstream quicker
Definition of addiction
Compulsion to use alcohol or other drugs regardless of negative or adverse consequences. Addiction is characterized by psychological dependence and often physical dependence.
Psychological dependence
The need to use alcohol or other drugs to think, feel, or function normally. When the body needs it to function
CNS Depressants: drugs in classification, dangers, overdose
• Depress the overall function of the central nervous system to induce sedation. Alcohol and sleep aids are the most common. Alcohol can damage every organ system. Overdose is common with alcohol, can be dangerous, synergistic effect.
CNS Stimulants: drugs in classification, tolerance, withdrawal, acute effects
Cocaine, meth, nicotine, caffeine are the drugs in this classification. Rapid tolerance to pleasurable and stimulating effects. Withdrawals are unpleasant and long lasting but not medically dangerous. Symptoms include: drug craving, irritability, depression, and anxiety. The major acute effects are alertness, mood elevation, increased heart rate and blood pressure
Opioids: acute and chronic effects, withdrawal
Common drugs are heroin, morphine, and meth. Sedation and pain relief are the acute effects. Addiction, complication to life style and method of administration are the chronic effect. Opioids withdrawals are very unpleasant but not medically dangerous. Symptoms include: severe case of the flu, running eyes, restlessness, vomiting, cramping.
Hallucinogens: difference from other drug classifications
• The drugs include LSD, mushrooms, PCP. Hallucinogens are naturally occurring and have been used for thousands of years.They are used to alter conciseness, common effect is the experience of flashbacks. Overdose does not occur but “bad trips” or a panic reaction do occur.
Marijuana (focus on everything, especially chronic use, tolerance, withdrawal
Marijuana is the most widely used illegal drug.Marijuana users experience euphoria: enhancement of taste, touch, smell; relaxation; increased appetite; altered time sense; and impaired recall. Physiological effects include increase pulse and dry mouth. Chronic users probably become accustomed to the effects and know the proper dosage to produce the desired effects.The symptoms of chronic high-dosage users include; irritability, restlessness, decreased appetite, insomnia, tremor, and chills.(
Club drugs: names of drugs
Roofies (rohyonol) which is a CNS depressant, Ectasy(MDMA) which is a SNC stimulant and hallucinogen, Ketamine which is a hallucinogen, GHB (gamma) which is a steroid.
Major tranquilizers
produce psychomotor slowing, emtional quieting, and an indifference to external stimuli. This drug is used in the treatment of mental disorder
12) Why are second generation anti-depressants used?
They have fewer side effects than the earlier drugs
What is the Moral Model
AOD is a personal choice, addiction is a lack of will power. Individuals are viewed as making decisions to use AOD in a problematic manner and as being capable of making other choices.This model is seen in certain religious groups and by the legal system.
What is the Sociocultural model
Cultural, ethnic, religions and environment conditions are casual factors in addiction. External factors such as the individual, cultural, religion, family, and peer variables or psychological factors.
What is the Psychological Model
addiction is a secondary symptom of underlying psychological disorders, AOD is learned and reinforced. Psychological problems causes emotional pain, and alcohol or other drugs serve to temporary relieve the pain.
What is the Disease Model
Addiction is a primary, chronic, and progressive disease, Genetic predisposition. This model is a implicit component for AA and NA programs. It is viewed as a medical problem or a primary disease
Addictive personality
refers to a particular set of personality traits that make an individual predisposed to developing addictions. This hypothesis states that there are common elements among people with varying addictions that relates to personality traits.
Addictive behavior in the social learning model
It is the interaction between the environment and individual that it is the causal factor for the development of addiction problems. If a person sees someone they admire use alcohol or drugs they may think it is okay to use drugs or alcohol
Disease model: characteristics, evidence to support, evidence against, research on controlled drinking, advantages, implications, Jellinek’s description of alcoholism
- The evidence to support the disease concept is based on the similarity of alcoholism and drug addiction to other chronic diseases and on research on the brain chemistry and brain changes of addicts. Evidence against is that some people do not believe the concept of rigid and inevitable progression of stages is not consistent with reality.
- research on controlled drinking: alcoholics have a difficulty abstaining or a loss of control exist, it implies a difficulty with self control or willpower which is a different model of addiction. (46)
- Advantages of the disease concept is the disease has been to remove the moral stigma attached to addiction and to replace it with an emphasis on treatment of an illness.
- Jellinek’s description of alcoholism: The aggression, feeling of guilt, remorse, resentments, withdrawals that develop in the phases of alcohol addiction, are largely consequences of the excessive drinking.. these reactions to excessive drinking- which have quite a neurotic appearance- give the impression of an alcoholic personality
Marlatt: what does relapse prevention require
Addictive behavior represents a category of bad habits
Relationship between self-efficacy and relapse prevention
Self-efficacy refers to how effective I feel I am at a particular task. If I discover that I can complete a desired task while under the influence of alcohol or drugs, I will use these substances again to achieve this task.
Definition of recovery
is a complex and dynamic process encompassing all the positive benefits to physical, mental and social health that can happen when people with an addiction to alcohol or drugs get the help they need
Recovery Support Services
Recovery support services are nonclinical services that assist individuals and families to recover form alcohol or drug problems. They include: social support, linkage to and coordination among allied services providers
