Chapter 2-3 Study guide midterm

Question 1

Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act

Answer 1

• Drugs are placed in one of five schedules with regulatory requirements associated with each schedule. Schedule one is a high potential for abuse.

Question 2

Danger of a drug

Answer 2

How the drug is being used (smoked, injecting, ingesting, snorting) Smoking or injecting drugs is the most acute problem because it gets into the bloodstream quicker

Question 3

Definition of addiction

Answer 3

Compulsion to use alcohol or other drugs regardless of negative or adverse consequences. Addiction is characterized by psychological dependence and often physical dependence.

Question 4

Psychological dependence

Answer 4

The need to use alcohol or other drugs to think, feel, or function normally. When the body needs it to function

Question 5

CNS Depressants: drugs in classification, dangers, overdose

Answer 5

• Depress the overall function of the central nervous system to induce sedation. Alcohol and sleep aids are the most common. Alcohol can damage every organ system. Overdose is common with alcohol, can be dangerous, synergistic effect.

Question 6

CNS Stimulants: drugs in classification, tolerance, withdrawal, acute effects

Answer 6

Cocaine, meth, nicotine, caffeine are the drugs in this classification. Rapid tolerance to pleasurable and stimulating effects. Withdrawals are unpleasant and long lasting but not medically dangerous. Symptoms include: drug craving, irritability, depression, and anxiety. The major acute effects are alertness, mood elevation, increased heart rate and blood pressure

Question 7

Opioids: acute and chronic effects, withdrawal

Answer 7

Common drugs are heroin, morphine, and meth. Sedation and pain relief are the acute effects. Addiction, complication to life style and method of administration are the chronic effect. Opioids withdrawals are very unpleasant but not medically dangerous. Symptoms include: severe case of the flu, running eyes, restlessness, vomiting, cramping.

Question 8

Hallucinogens: difference from other drug classifications

Answer 8

• The drugs include LSD, mushrooms, PCP. Hallucinogens are naturally occurring and have been used for thousands of years.They are used to alter conciseness, common effect is the experience of flashbacks. Overdose does not occur but “bad trips” or a panic reaction do occur.

Question 9

Marijuana (focus on everything, especially chronic use, tolerance, withdrawal

Answer 9

Marijuana is the most widely used illegal drug.Marijuana users experience euphoria: enhancement of taste, touch, smell; relaxation; increased appetite; altered time sense; and impaired recall. Physiological effects include increase pulse and dry mouth. Chronic users probably become accustomed to the effects and know the proper dosage to produce the desired effects.The symptoms of chronic high-dosage users include; irritability, restlessness, decreased appetite, insomnia, tremor, and chills.(

Question 10

Club drugs: names of drugs

Answer 10

Roofies (rohyonol) which is a CNS depressant, Ectasy(MDMA) which is a SNC stimulant and hallucinogen, Ketamine which is a hallucinogen, GHB (gamma) which is a steroid.

Question 11

Major tranquilizers

Answer 11

produce psychomotor slowing, emtional quieting, and an indifference to external stimuli. This drug is used in the treatment of mental disorder

Question 12

12) Why are second generation anti-depressants used?

Answer 12

They have fewer side effects than the earlier drugs

Question 13

What is the Moral Model

Answer 13

AOD is a personal choice, addiction is a lack of will power. Individuals are viewed as making decisions to use AOD in a problematic manner and as being capable of making other choices.This model is seen in certain religious groups and by the legal system.

Question 14

What is the Sociocultural model

Answer 14

Cultural, ethnic, religions and environment conditions are casual factors in addiction. External factors such as the individual, cultural, religion, family, and peer variables or psychological factors.

Question 15

What is the Psychological Model

Answer 15

addiction is a secondary symptom of underlying psychological disorders, AOD is learned and reinforced. Psychological problems causes emotional pain, and alcohol or other drugs serve to temporary relieve the pain.

Question 16

What is the Disease Model

Answer 16

Addiction is a primary, chronic, and progressive disease, Genetic predisposition. This model is a implicit component for AA and NA programs. It is viewed as a medical problem or a primary disease

Question 17

Addictive personality

Answer 17

refers to a particular set of personality traits that make an individual predisposed to developing addictions. This hypothesis states that there are common elements among people with varying addictions that relates to personality traits.

Question 18

Addictive behavior in the social learning model

Answer 18

It is the interaction between the environment and individual that it is the causal factor for the development of addiction problems. If a person sees someone they admire use alcohol or drugs they may think it is okay to use drugs or alcohol

Question 19

Disease model: characteristics, evidence to support, evidence against, research on controlled drinking, advantages, implications, Jellinek’s description of alcoholism

Answer 19

• The evidence to support the disease concept is based on the similarity of alcoholism and drug addiction to other chronic diseases and on research on the brain chemistry and brain changes of addicts. Evidence against is that some people do not believe the concept of rigid and inevitable progression of stages is not consistent with reality.
• research on controlled drinking: alcoholics have a difficulty abstaining or a loss of control exist, it implies a difficulty with self control or willpower which is a different model of addiction. (46)
• Advantages of the disease concept is the disease has been to remove the moral stigma attached to addiction and to replace it with an emphasis on treatment of an illness.
• Jellinek’s description of alcoholism: The aggression, feeling of guilt, remorse, resentments, withdrawals that develop in the phases of alcohol addiction, are largely consequences of the excessive drinking.. these reactions to excessive drinking- which have quite a neurotic appearance- give the impression of an alcoholic personality

Question 20

Marlatt: what does relapse prevention require

Answer 20

Addictive behavior represents a category of bad habits

Question 21

Relationship between self-efficacy and relapse prevention

Answer 21

Self-efficacy refers to how effective I feel I am at a particular task. If I discover that I can complete a desired task while under the influence of alcohol or drugs, I will use these substances again to achieve this task.

Question 22

Definition of recovery

Answer 22

is a complex and dynamic process encompassing all the positive benefits to physical, mental and social health that can happen when people with an addiction to alcohol or drugs get the help they need

Question 23

Recovery Support Services

Answer 23

Recovery support services are nonclinical services that assist individuals and families to recover form alcohol or drug problems. They include: social support, linkage to and coordination among allied services providers