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Western Civilization > Chapter 2- 3 Exam review > Flashcards

Chapter 2- 3 Exam review Flashcards

1
Q

the region’s curved shape and the richness of its land led scholars to call it the Fertile Crescent

A

Fertile Crescent

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2
Q

includes the lands facing the Mediterranean Sea and a plain

A

Mesopotamia

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3
Q

each city and the surrounding land it controlled

A

city-state

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4
Q

a series of rulers from a single family

A

dynasty

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5
Q

a process in which a new idea or a product spreads from one culture to another

A

cultural diffusion

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6
Q

the belief in more than one god

A

polytheism

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7
Q

by taking control f both northern and southern Mesopotamia, Sargon crested the world’s first empire

A

empire

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8
Q

The Babylonian Empire reached its peak during the reign of Hammurabi

A

Hammurabi

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9
Q

begins about 100 miles before the river enters the Mediterranean

A

delta

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10
Q

more solid evidence points to a king

A

Narmer

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11
Q

the Egyptian god-kings

A

pharaoh

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12
Q

this type of government in which role is based on religions authority

A

theocracy

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13
Q

for the kings of the old kingdom, the resting place after death was an immense structure

A

pyramid

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14
Q

involves embalming and drying the corpse to prevent it from decaying

A

mummification

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15
Q

simple pictographs were the earliest form of writing in Egypt, but Scribes quickly developed a more flexible writing system

A

hieroglyphic

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16
Q

a paper-like material used for writing

A

papyrus

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17
Q

artifact

A

these items might hint at how people dressed and what work they did or how they worshipped

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18
Q

culture

A

a people’s unique way of life

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19
Q

hominid

A

humans and other creatures that walk upright

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20
Q

Paleolithic age

A

the earlier and longer part of the Stone Age lasted from about 2.5 million to 8000 bc

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21
Q

neolithic age

A

began about 8000 bc and eded as early as 3000 bc in some areas, learned polish stone tools make pottery grow crops and raise animals

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22
Q

technology

A

ways of applying knowledge, tools, and inventions to meet their needs

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23
Q

Homo sapiens

A

the species name for modern humans

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24
Q

What do you think is the most significant advance by a hominid group?

A

the first humanlike creature to walk upright by the Australopithecines

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25
Q

What clues do bones and artifacts give about early peoples?

A

Bones and artifacts give clues about early people because these items might hint at to how people dressed, what they did, or how they worshipped.

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26
Q

What were the major achievements in human history during the Old Stone Age?

A

The major achievements in human history during the Old Stone Age is the invention tools, mastery over fire, and the development of language.

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27
Q

How did Neanderthals and Homo sapiens differ from earlier peoples?

A

Neanderthals and Homo sapiens differ from earlier peoples they are more developed whereas the earlier people were not.

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28
Q

nomad

A

highly mobile people who moved from place to place foraging, or searching, for new sources of food

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29
Q

hunter-gatherers

A

Nomadic groups whose food supply depends on hunting animals and collecting plant foods

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30
Q

neolithic revolution

A

(10,000 - 8,000 BCE) The development of agriculture and the domestication of animals as a food source. This led to the development of permanent settlements and the start of civilization.

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31
Q

slash-and-burn farming

A

a farming method in which people clear fields by cutting and burning trees and grasses, the ashes of which serve to fertilize the soil

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32
Q

domestication

A

the taming of animals for human use, such as work or as food

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33
Q

civilizations

A

a complex culture with advanced cities, specialized workers, complex institutions, record keeping, improved technology

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34
Q

specialization

A

the developments of skills in a specific kind of work

35
Q

artisan

A

skilled workers who make goods by hand

36
Q

institution

A

a long lasting pattern of organization in a community

37
Q

scribe

A

professional record keepers

38
Q

cuneiform

A

“wedged-shaped”

39
Q

Bronze Age

A

the time when people began using bronze, rather than copper and stone, to fashion tools and weapons

40
Q

barter

A

trading goods and services without money

41
Q

ziggurat

A

“Mountain of God”

42
Q

Which characteristics is the most important for development of civilizations? Why?

A

Complex institutions is the most important for development because a system of ruling or a government it is important to have.

43
Q

How did the social structure of village life change as the economy became more complex?

A

social changes, more land

44
Q

What role did irrigation systems play in the development of civilizations?

A

it allowed people to become artisans and make goods since there is a surplus of food.

45
Q

What are the key traits of civilization?

A

art, city, specialization, religion, writing, and government.

46
Q

Phoenicians

A

a group of ancient people who developed an alphabet and sailed the Mediterranean Sea

47
Q

Isrealites

A

a group of people who followed Abraham and united into Israel

48
Q

Diaspora

A

the dispersion of the Jews outside Israel

49
Q

untouchables

A

lowest social class in India, these people were considered the most impure because of their work

50
Q

Hittites

A

an Indo-European group of people who settled in Asia minor and were known for iron production

51
Q

4 Noble Truths

A

all life involves suffering, desire is the cause of suffering, elimination of desire brings the end to suffering, and disciplined life conducted in accordance with the Eight-fold Path brings elimination of desire

52
Q

Steppes

A

a treeless grassland

53
Q

brahmins

A

Aryan priests

54
Q

castes

A

Social classes of the Aryans in India

55
Q

monotheism

A

The worship of one god

56
Q

covenant

A

An agreement between God and his people.

57
Q

exodus

A

the departure of the Israelites from Egypt

58
Q

Judaism

A

the religion of the Hebrews founded by Abraham

59
Q

Ark of the Covenant

A

a sacred chest containing the tablets that were inscribed with the Ten Commandments

60
Q

tribute

A

peace money paid by a weaker power to a stronger power

61
Q

Babylonian Captivity

A

the time when Israel and Judah were taken over by Babylon

62
Q

Indo-Europeans

A

groups of nomadic peoples who came from the steppes in Europe to Asia

63
Q

Aryans

A

an Indo-European group of people who settled in India

64
Q

Minoans

A

a group of seafarers that lived on the island of Crete

65
Q

King Minos

A

a Minoan king rumored to own a minotaur

66
Q

Abraham

A

the founder/father of Judaism

67
Q

Yahweh

A

the Jewish name for God

68
Q

Moses

A

led the Hebrews out of Egypt and received the Ten Commandments on Mount Sinai

69
Q

Saul

A

the first king of Israel; drove out the Philistines.

70
Q

David

A

the second king of Israel; established Jerusalem as the capital of Israel.

71
Q

Solomon

A

the third king of Israel; built a great temple.

72
Q

Anatolia

A

located in Asia Minor and was where the Hittites occupies

73
Q

Crete

A

island off the coast of Greece and was where the Minoans lived

74
Q

Knossos

A

the Minoan capital city

75
Q

Vedas and Upanishads

A

Sacred writings of Hinduism

76
Q

Canaan

A

the promised land of the Hebrews

77
Q

Jerusalem

A

the capital of Israel, also known as the city of David

78
Q

Judah

A

kingdom south of Israel that was established as a result of Solomon’s rule

79
Q

Moksha

A

Becoming liberated for the cycle of reincarnation in Hinduism.

80
Q

Mahabharata

A

a great epic of India that reflects the struggles that took place in India as the Aryans moved south

81
Q

Torah

A

the Jewish term for the first five books of the bible

82
Q

8 fold path

A

the path of life followed by Buddhists to reach nirvana

83
Q

Dharma

A

In Hindu belief, a person’s religious and moral duties

84
Q

Siddhartha Gautama

A

Founder of Buddhism

Western Civilization (1 decks)

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