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History > chapter 2 & 3 > Flashcards

chapter 2 & 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Ecumene

A

the portion of the earths surface occupied by permanent human settlement

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2
Q

non-ecumene

A

the portion of the earths surface that isn’t permanently occupied by human settlement.

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3
Q

four sparsely populated lands and why?

A

dry lands: to hot and dry for farming

wet lands: too wet and hot soil. nutrients are taken away. no good for farming

cold lands: too cold for crops and animals to survive

high lands: temperatures and precipitation is too low

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4
Q

arithmetic density

A

total number of objects in and area

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5
Q

physiological density

A

the number of people supported by a unit area of arable land

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6
Q

what occurs the higher the rate of physiological density

A

more pressure that people may place on the land to produce enough food

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7
Q

agricultural density

A

ratio of te number of farmers to the amount of arable land

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8
Q

CBR

A

total number of live births in a year for every 1,000

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9
Q

CDR

A

total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000

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10
Q

NIR

A

percentage by which a population increases in a year

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11
Q

today’s NIR

A

1.2

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12
Q

NIR peak

A

1963

2.2%

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13
Q

how many people are being added to the world each year

A

about 80 million

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14
Q

Doubling Time

A

number of years needed to double a population

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15
Q

what regions is most growth occurring

A 
sub saharan africa
south asia
east asia
south east asia 
latin america
middle east
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16
Q

TFR

A

total fertility rate

measures the number of births a women can have throughout her childbearing years

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17
Q

high and low TFR

A

high: sub saharan africa
low: europe

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18
Q

IMR

A

infant mortality rate

total number of deaths in a year among infants

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19
Q

Life Expectancy

A

average number of years an individual can be expected to live

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20
Q

mortality in developing and developed countries

A

IMR is high in LDCs and the life expectancy is low in LDCs.

IMR is low in MDCs and life expectancy is high in MDCs.

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21
Q

Demographic Transition

A

process with several stages and every country is in one of those stages

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22
Q

Stage 1

A

low growth
high CBR and high CDR
NIR is almost zero

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23
Q

Stage 2

A 
high growth
CDR goes down
CBR stayed the same
NIR was very high
(industrial revolution, medical revolution)
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24
Q

Stage 3

A

moderate growth
CBR drops by a lot.
CDR still dropping
NIR is still safe because the CBR is still higher than the CDR

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25
Q

Stage 4

A

Low growth
CBR matches CDR
NIR CLOSE TO ZERO

ZPG
Zero Population Growth

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26
Q

shape of a population pyramid is determined by what?

A

the CDR in the community

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27
Q

Dependency Ratio

A

the number of people who are too young or too old to work compared to the people in their productive years

28
Q

what age groups are categorized as dependent

A

0-14 & 65+

29
Q

what is the grating population

A

older people who must receive adequate levels of income and medical care after they retire

30
Q

Sex Ratio

A

number of males per a hundred females i. the populations

31
Q

stage two ex

A

cape verde

32
Q

stage three ex

A

chile

33
Q

stage four ex

A

denmark

34
Q

first big break

A

drop in death rate

medical advances

35
Q

second big break

A

drop in birth rate

change in social customs

36
Q

Emigration

A

migration from a location

37
Q

Immigration

A

migration to a location

38
Q

push factors

A

make people move out of a location

39
Q

pull factors

A

attract people to a location

40
Q

Three major push and pull factors

A

Economic stability
cultural freedom
and environmental comfort

41
Q

intervening obstacle

A

environmental or cultural feature that hinders migration

42
Q

International Migration

A

permanent movement from one country to another

43
Q

Internal migration

A

permanent movement within the same country.

44
Q

types of push factors responsible for voluntary migration

A

economic improvement

45
Q

push factors responsible for forced migration

A

cultural factors business related reasons

46
Q

migration transition applied to demographic transition

A

stage 1: high daily or seasonal mobility
less permanent

stage 2: international migration
interregional migration 
stage 3&4:
internal migration
intraregional
47
Q

in what stage of demographic transition are most countries that send out immigrants.

A

stage two

48
Q

what are three countries that recently sent out most immigrants from asia

A

china
philippines
india

49
Q

what caused immigrating from latin america to us to increase

A

1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act

distributed thousands of visas to undocumented immigrants

50
Q

undocumented immigrants

A

people who enter a country without proper documents

51
Q

where do most undocumented immigrants in the us. come from

A

mexico

52
Q

What did the Quota Act(1921) and the National Origins Act(1924) do

A

limited the number of people that could immigrate to the united states from each country in one year period

53
Q

Immigration Act 1965

A

hemisphere quotas instead of individual countries. Eastern hemisphere allowed 170,000 and 120,000 from the western

54
Q

1978

A

global quota

290,000
20,00 per country
currently 620,000
maximum of 7% per country

55
Q

us immigration laws give preferences to three groups

A

reunify families
skilled workers
luck draw from countries that have few people in the us

56
Q

Brain Drain

A

large scale emigration by talented people

57
Q

Guest worker

A

workers who migrate to the MDCs of i search of higher paying jobs

58
Q

famous ex of large scale migration in us

A

opening of the American West

59
Q

population center

A

average location of everyone in the country

60
Q

first intervening obstacle

A

Great plains

appalachian

61
Q

what transportation development encouraged settlement in mississippi

A

canals

62
Q

how did railroad encourage settlement to the american interior

A

land was sold to farmers
paid for railroad
farmer shipped goods on trains

63
Q

why have people been migrating to the south

A

job opportunities

environmental conditions

64
Q

urbanization

A

migration from rural to urban

65
Q

suburbanization

A

movement from cities to suburbs

66
Q

counterurbanization

A

net migration from urban to rural

History (4 decks)

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