Chapter 2 & 3 Flashcards
What are some examples of constitutional symptoms?
Chills
fever
excessing sweating
Nausea
What is included in demographic data
DOB, Occupation
Who is the head of HPI and what does it stand for
HIPAA is the head of HPI
HPI- history of present illness
Describe chief of complaint and examples
What brought them to seek medical care
e.g. cough, chest pain
Describe HPI
Narrative description in detail of each symptom
What does PQRST stand for
P: provocative/ palliative ( what makes it better/ worse)
Q: quality/ quantity ( how does it feel, look/ sound)
R: Region/radiation ( where is it? Does it spread?)
S: Severity/scale: Does it interfere with activities
T: Timing ( when did it begin?, how often does it occur)
What does the past medical history include
Information that the pt has or done :
eg. immunization, allergies, surgeries and injuries
Why is family history important?
It helps the people treating the patient if there are any hereditary diseases within the family
How is smoking history calculated and why is it important?
Measures the smoking intensity
No of yrs smoked * No of packs smoked a day
What kind of data is provided during review of systems? (objective or subjective)
Subjective
Is given during physical examination, can be seen, felt, smelled or heard (signs)
Objective data
Only evident to the patient,given during Review of system (symptoms)
Subjective data
eg. Cough, shortness of breath
What is the most common symptom seen in pts with pulmonary disease
Cough
What are the 3 phases of a cough
Inspiratory
Compress
Expiratory
What are some examples of reduced effectiveness cough
Weakness of inspiratory and expiratory muscles
Decrease in lung recoil
Abnormal quantity or quality of mucus production
Obstruction
What is the difference between Acute and Chronic
Acute: happens for less than 3 weeks. It’s short and sudden
Chronic: lasts for more than 3 weeks e.g. Asthma & COPD
Describe a paroxysmal cough
Periodic
prolonged, forceful episodes
What are the symptoms of cough
Dyspnea
Wheezing
Stridor
Chest pain
Describe Bronchorrhea
More than 100 Ml of sputum a day
What is the difference between Hematemesis and Hemoptysis
Hematemesis: vomited blood
&
Hemoptysis: blood in sputum
What is the name of the chart that is used categorize dyspnea
Modified Borg Scale
Describe Paroxysmal Noctural Dyspnea (PND)
Sudden dyspnea when sleeping in recumbent(flat) position
Associated with coughing
What could PND be a sign of
Left heart failure
Describe orthopnea
Dyspnea when lying down
associated with left heart failure
Describe Trepopnea
Dyspnea when lying on one side
Decsribe Platypnea
Dyspnea in an upright position
Describe orthrodeoxia
Hypoxemia in upright position relieved by returning to recumbent position
Seen in pts with right to left intracardiac shunts/ venoarterial shunts
Platypnea and orthodexia
Which disease is the most recurring in children
Asthma
What are some causes of chest pain
Cardiac ischemia
inflammatory disorders of thorax abdomen
musculoskeletal disorders
trauma
anxiety
Referred pain from indigestion, dissecting aortic aneurysm
What are some cardinal symptoms of heart disease
Angina( related to heart attack)
What are some causes of syncope
Thrombosis
Embolism
Atherosclerotic obstruction
Hypoxia
Hypocapnia
Which is the most common type of syncope
Vasovagal
Describe orthostatic hypotension
Sudden drop in BP when one stands
Syncope caused by strong coughing and is most seen in men with COPD, obesity and a positive smoking history
Tussive Syncope
Define Anascarca
Generalized edema
What type of edema occurs often in the ankles and lower legs and is also caused by right and left heart failure
Bilateral peripheral edema
Using the pitting edema scale; What does 0.6 -1.3 cm(1/4-1/2 in), refill time of 1-2 mins scaled at
Moderate (3+)
Normal body temp
97-99.5 F ( 36- 37.5 C)
Define intermittent fever
Daily elevation with a return to normal or subnormal between spikes
Define Remittent fever
Continuously elevated with wide, usually diurnal variations
Define relapsing fever
Recurring in bouts of several days interspersed with periods of normal temp
Define Hyperthermia
Elevation of core body temps above normal
It is a serious concern when associated with apnea and obesity is one of the most common cause
Snoring
What are the peak ages of both male and female in terms of snoring
50-59 (male)
60-64(female)
Define GERD(Gastroesophageal reflux)
Heartburn and regurgitation
What are some risk factors associated with GERD
Obesity
Cigarette smoking
pregnancy
