Chapter 2/3

Question 1

potential Energy

Answer 1

The energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure

Question 2

The more distant from the nucleus,….?

Answer 2

The greater their potential energy

Question 3

What is an orbital

Answer 3

The three dimensional space where an electron is found 90% of the time.

Question 4

Electronegativity

Answer 4

An atom’s attraction for the electrons in a covalent bond

Question 5

Non-polar covalent bond

Answer 5

The atoms share the electron equally

Question 6

Polar covalent bond

Answer 6

One atom is more electronegative, but sharing is not equal.

Question 7

Whats is an advantage of reversibility of weak chemical bonds

Answer 7

DNA has to replicate, so the weak bonds help it easily reverse and replicate.

Question 8

which is weaker Hydrogen, Ionic, or Covalent?

Answer 8

Hydrogen

Question 9

Why is hydrogen bond weaker than covalent bonds

Answer 9

Because hydrogen bonds do not involve sharing

Question 10

Why is hydrogen bond weaker than Ionic bonds

Answer 10

Because only partial charges are involved and not full charges.

Question 11

When does hydrogen bond form?

Answer 11

When H is specifically bonded to either N, O, Or F.

Question 12

Negative partial charges go on..?

Answer 12

the most electronegative atom

Question 13

Positive partial charges go on…?

Answer 13

the least electronegative atom

Question 14

Van der Waals

Answer 14

Weak attractions

Question 15

Properties of water that facilitate an environment for life

Answer 15

• Cohesive behavior
• Ability to moderate temperature
• Expansion upon freezing
• Versatility as a solvent

Question 16

Force of attraction between the same molecules

Answer 16

Cohesion

Question 17

Different molecules bonding together

Answer 17

Adhesion

Question 18

Water absorbs heat from warmer air…?

Answer 18

And releases stored heat to cooler air

Question 19

Specific Heat

Answer 19

The amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 gram of that substance to change its temperature by 1 degree

Question 20

When is heat absorbed?

Answer 20

When hydrogen bonds break

Question 21

When is heat released?

Answer 21

When hydrogen bonds form

Question 22

Low specific capacity means what temp wise?

Answer 22

The material/substance would heat up quickly.(More heat absorbed) And vice versa

Question 23

Evaporation

Answer 23

Liquid to gas

Question 24

Solution

Answer 24

A liquid that is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

Question 25

Solvent

Answer 25

The dissolving agent of a solution

Question 26

Solute

Answer 26

The substance that is dissolved

Question 27

Aqueous solution

Answer 27

One in which water is the solvent

Question 28

Polarity is also responsible for…?

Answer 28

Hydrogen bonding

Question 29

Hydrophilic

Answer 29

Substance that loves water

Question 30

Hydrophobic

Answer 30

Substance that hates water

Question 31

Most biochemical reactions occur where?

Answer 31

In water

Question 32

Hydrogen atoms: The molecule with the extra proton is now a what?

Answer 32

Hydronium ion (H3O+)

Question 33

The molecule that lost the proton is now what?

Answer 33

Hydroxide ion (OH-)

Question 34

What is an acid

Answer 34

Any substance that increases the H+ concentration of a solution

Question 35

What’s a base

Answer 35

Any substance that reduces the H+ concentration of a solution

Question 36

Acidic pH

Answer 36

1-6

Question 37

Neutral pH

Answer 37

7

Question 38

Basic pH

Answer 38

8-10

Question 39

To know;

Answer 39

There’s a base 10 concentration

Question 40

To find pH

Answer 40

pH = -log [H3O+]

Question 41

To find [H3O+]

Answer 41

[H3O+] = 10^-pH

Question 42

The lower the pH, …?

Answer 42

The higher the hydrogen ion concentration, and vice versa.

Question 43

Buffers

Answer 43

Substances that minimize changes in concentration of H+ AND OH- in a solution.

Question 44

Acid precipitation

Answer 44

Rain, snow or fog with a pH lower than 5.6