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MET 2 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Baroclinic

A

moving weather systems which possess temperature advection within themselves, continental features are naturally baroclinic

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2
Q

Fronts

A

transition zone or boundary between 2 air masses. main indicators of a front existence are temperature and moisture contrat

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3
Q

cold front

A

leading edge of a cold baroclinic air mass, behind the front,, drawn as solid blue line with blue triangular pips,

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4
Q

difference between active and inactive cold fronts

A

speed of movement and where weather is occuring. fast moving cold front is inactive slow is moving cold front

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5
Q

Warm Front

A

trailing edge of a cold baroclinic air mass, warm air behind front and cold air ahead, solid red line with red semi-circle pips

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6
Q

pips

A

indicate direction front is moving

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7
Q

stationary front

A

lateral edge of cold baroclinic air mass, cold is poleward warm is equatorward, depicted with alternating solid red and blue line with alternating red and blue pips. red pips point poleward blue pip points equatorward

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8
Q

Occluded front

A

occurs when cold front moves faster than warm front and overtakes it.. solid purple line wit alternating triangular and half-circle pips.

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9
Q

warm occlusion

A

air head of warm front is colder than air behind occluded front, cold is opposite

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10
Q

Where warm/cold occlusion found

A

Warm=west coasts of continents, East= east coasts of continents

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11
Q

Triple point

A

intersection of warm, cold and occluded fronts

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12
Q

-genesis

A

formation of intensification of a weather feature

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13
Q

cyclogenesis

A

formation or deepening of a low center

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14
Q

anticyclogenesis

A

formation or building of a high cennter

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15
Q

frontogenesis

A

formation or increasing contrast of a front

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16
Q

-olysis

A

dissipation or weakening of weather feature

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17
Q

Cyclolysis

A

dissipation or filling of a low center

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18
Q

anticyclolysis

A

dissipation or weakening of a high center

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19
Q

Frontolysis

A

dissipation or decreasing contrast of a front

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20
Q

diurnal effects

A

modification of a feature due to changes in insolation

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21
Q

daylight heating

A

increases insolation so warm features strengthen and cold features weaken

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22
Q

nighttime cooling

A

decreases insolation so warm features will weaken and cold features will strengthen

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23
Q

Diabatic effects

A

modification of a feature due to conduction

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24
Q

Land warrmer than water

A

warm features over land will strengthen and cold features over land will weaken

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25
Q

water warmer than land

A

warm features over the water will strengthen and cold features over water will weaken

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26
Q

Jet maximum-upper air feature

A

seperated into 4 quadrants

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27
Q

left and right front quadrants

A

convergence aloft and negative vorticity advection

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28
Q

in left front and right rear quadrants

A

there is divergence and poiitive vorticity advection

29
Q

Major short-wave troughs-upper air feature

A

elongated areas of cyclonic curvature and lower heights

perpendicular to jet axis at 25knots

30
Q

behind the trough, whats happening

A

cold air advection, convergence and downward vertical motion

31
Q

3factors that can directly impact intensities of short-wave troughs

A

Thermal advection, convergence/divergence and location in long-wave pattern

32
Q

deepening

A

amplitude of trough increases

33
Q

If short-wave trough moves into long-wave through axes what will happen

A

short-wave trough will deepen due to increased cyclonic curvature in long-wave trough

34
Q

Filling

A

amplitude of a trough decreases

35
Q

If trough moves into a long-wave edge

A

associated cyclonic curvature will decrease and anticyclonic curvature will increase causing trough to fill

36
Q

Major short-wave ridge-upper air feature

A

elongated areas of ati-cyclonic curvature and higher heights, perpendicular to jet axis

37
Q

Behind the ridge what is occuring

A

Warm air advection, divergence, and upward vertical motion

38
Q

Upper-level ridges are enhanced by

A

warm air

39
Q

Building

A

amplitude of ridge increases

40
Q

What happpens if short-wave ridge moves into long-wave ridge axus

A

increased anticyclonic shear will help short-wave ridge build, if ridges builds, amplitude increases and speed of movement slows

41
Q

Weakening

A

when amplitude of ridge decreases

42
Q

To weaken a major short-wave ridge

A

bring CAA into west side of axis, this causes heights to fall. Divergence aloft will weaken it by removing mass from ridge faster than it being put in

43
Q

If short-wave ridge moves into long-wave trough

A

anticyclonic curvature will decreases as cyclonic curvature starts to increase causing the ridge to weaken,

44
Q

what happens when short-wave ridge weakens

A

decrease in amplitude and speed up

45
Q

Baroclinic high- surface feature

A

anticyclogenesis

46
Q

Anticyclogenesis

A

formation of new high or intensification of existing high, occurs as result of damper effect.

47
Q

where is surface high formed

A

areas were there is significant upper-level convergence, adds mass to column of air increasing surface pressure

48
Q

any upper-level convergence must be what

A

stronger than any lower-level divergence in order to do this,

49
Q

In anticyclogenis, adiabatic cooling

A

air cools, it subsides or sinks. which adds pressure to surface pressure, building surface high, resulting in anticyclogenesis

50
Q

anricyclogenesis creates

A

continental polar and maritime polar

51
Q

when air is cold

A

it cant hold much moisture

52
Q

cP air mass(Winter)

A

very strong high pressure in winter,

53
Q

cP air mass(summer)

A

excellent with only scattered cumulus clouds ad good vicibilities.

54
Q

Maritime polar

A

regions are cold unfrozen ocean areas

55
Q

mP (winter)

A

bring low clouds and rain showers to coastal and inland areas with heavier precipitation occuring on windward side of north south mountain ranges

56
Q

mP(summertime)

A

responsible fr coastal fog and stratus

57
Q

Intensity changes within high pressure system are based on what?

A

amplitude changes of ridge,

58
Q

If ridge builds expect

A

surface high to undergo anticyclogensis

59
Q

if ridge weakens expect

A

surface high undergo anticyclolysis

60
Q

best place for anticylogenesis to occur

A

downstream of long-wave ridge, as it moves southeast towards the strongest CAA

61
Q

Air mass modification

A

when something begins to change or has changed in its characteristics, main properties undergo changes- temperature and moisture

62
Q

When air mass moves out of its source region

A

it undergoes modicication. Temperature will modify through process of conduction while moisture conent modifies through evaporation or precipitation

63
Q

Continental polar(cP)

A

cold dry air moving over warmer surface is warmed from below, indicates decreasing stability in low levels

64
Q

If air mass moves over water

A

it will gain moiuster through evaporation and annd come moore unstable

65
Q

if Maritime polar(mP) moves out of its source region over cold dry surface

A

it will become more stable , air will lose heat, cold air will sink and air mass increases in stability. Air mass will also lose moisture through precipitation; the drink air will sink and air mass will become more stable

66
Q

cP and mP move towards where

A

the equator

67
Q

continental polar air mass will modify more________ than maritime

A

quickly

68
Q

anticyclolysis nd the primary cause

A

weakening or dissipation of a high or ridge, cause is loss of upper-level support.

69
Q

Cyclogenesis

A

result of chimney effect and caused by divergence aloft which removes mass from column of air

MET 2 (2 decks)

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