Chapter 2

Question 0

Naturalistic observation

Answer 0

Research method in which the psychologist observes the subject in a natural setting without interfering

Question 1

Sample

Answer 1

Small group of participants that a researcher studies

Question 2

Case study

Answer 2

Research method that involves an intensive investigation of one or more participants

Question 3

Survey

Answer 3

Research method in which information is obtained by asking many individuals a fixed set of questions

Question 4

Longitudinal study

Answer 4

Research method in which data is collected about a group of participants over a number of years to assess how certain characteristics change or remain the same during development

Question 5

Cross sectional study

Answer 5

Research method in which data is collected from groups of participants of different ages and compared so that conclusions can be drawn about differences due to age

Question 6

Correlation

Answer 6

The measure of a relationship between two variables or sets of data

Question 7

Hypothesis

Answer 7

An educated guess about the relationship between two variables

Question 8

Variable

Answer 8

Any factor that is capable of change

Question 9

Experimental group

Answer 9

The group to which an independent variable is applied

Question 10

Control group

Answer 10

The group that is treated in the same way as the experimental group except that the experimental treatment is not applied

Question 11

Self fulfilling prophecy

Answer 11

A situation in which a researchers expectations influence that persons own behavior and thereby influence the participants behavior

Question 12

Single blind experiment

Answer 12

An experiment in which the participants are unaware of which participants received the treatment

Question 13

Double blind experiment

Answer 13

An experiment in which neither the experimenter nor the participants know which participants received which treatment

Question 14

Placebo effect

Answer 14

A change in a participants illness or behavior that results from a belief that the treatment will have an effect rather than the actual treatment

Question 15

Statistics

Answer 15

The branch of mathematics concerned with summarizing and making meaningful inferences from collections of data

Question 16

Description statistics

Answer 16

The listing and summarizing of data in a practical efficient way

Question 17

Frequency distribution

Answer 17

An arrangement of data that indicates how often a particular score or observation occurs

Question 18

Normal curve

Answer 18

A graph of frequency distribution shaped like a symmetrical bell shaped curve a graph of normal distribution

Question 19

Central tendency

Answer 19

A number that describes something about the average score of a distribution

Question 20

Variance

Answer 20

A measure of difference or spread

Question 21

Standard deviation

Answer 21

A measure of variability that describes an average distance of every score from the mean

Question 22

Correlation coefficient

Answer 22

Describes the direction and strength of the relationship between two sets of variables

Question 23

Inferential statistics

Answer 23

Numerical methods used to determine whether research data support a hypothesis or whether results were due to chance