Chapter 2

Question 0

airborne transmission

Answer 0

The spread of an organism in aerosol form.

Question 1

acute stress reactions

Answer 1

Reaction to stress that occurs during a stressful situation.

Question 2

bloodborne pathogens

Answer 2

Pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause disease in humans. These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Question 3

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Answer 3

The primary federal agency that conducts and supports public heath activities in the United States. The CDC is part of the US Department of Health and Human Services.

Question 4

communicable disease

Answer 4

A disease that can be spread from one person or species to another.

Question 5

contamination

Answer 5

The presence of infectious organisms on or in objects such as dressings, water, food, needles, wounds, or a patient’s body.

Question 6

cover and concealment

Answer 6

The tactical use of an impenetrable barrier for protection.

Question 7

critical incident stress management (CISM)

Answer 7

A process that confronts the responses to critical incidents and defuses them, directing the emergency services personnel toward physical and emotional equilibrium.

Question 8

cumulative stress reactions

Answer 8

Prolonged or excessive stress.

Question 9

delayed stress reactions

Answer 9

Reaction to stress that occurs after a stressful situation.

Question 10

designated officer

Answer 10

The individual in the department who is charged with the responsibility of managing exposures and infection control issues.

Question 11

direct contact

Answer 11

Exposure or transmission of a communicable disease from one person to another by physical contact.

Question 12

exposure

Answer 12

A situation in which a person has had contact with blood, body fluids, tissues, or airborne particles in a manner that suggests disease transmission may occur.

Question 13

foodborne transmission

Answer 13

The contamination of food or water with an organism that can cause disease.

Question 14

general adaptation syndrome

Answer 14

The body’s response to stress that begins with an alarm response, followed by a stage of reaction and resistance, and then recovery or, if the stress is prolonged, exhaustion.

Question 15

hepatitis

Answer 15

Inflammation of the liver, usually caused by a viral infection, that causes fever, loss of appetite, jaundice, fatigue, and altered liver function.

Question 16

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Answer 16

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by HIV, which damages the cells in the body’s immune system so that the body is unable to fight infection or certain cancers.

Question 17

host

Answer 17

The organism or individual that is attacked by the infecting agent.

Question 18

immune

Answer 18

The body’s ability to protect itself from acquiring a disease.

Question 19

indirect contact

Answer 19

Exposure or transmission of disease from one person to another by contact with a contaminated object.

Question 20

infection

Answer 20

The abnormal invasion of a host or host tissues by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, or parasites, with or without signs or symptoms of disease.

Question 21

infection control

Answer 21

Procedures to reduce transmission of infection among patients and health care personnel.

Question 22

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

Answer 22

The federal regulatory compliance agency that develops, publishes, and enforces guidelines concerning safety in the workplace.

Question 23

pathogen

Answer 23

A microorganism that is capable of causing disease in a susceptible host.

Question 24

personal protective equipment (PPE)

Answer 24

Protective equipment that OSHA requires to be made available to the EMT. In the case of infection risk, PPE blocks entry of an organism into the body.

Question 25

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Answer 25

A delayed stress reaction to a prior incident. This delayed reaction is often the result of one or more unresolved issues concerning the incident.

Question 26

transmission

Answer 26

The way in which an infectious disease is spread: contact, airborne, by vehicles, or by vectors.

Question 27

standard precautions

Answer 27

Protective measures that have traditionally been developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for use in dealing with objects, blood, body fluids, or other potential exposure risks of communicable disease.

Question 28

vector-borne transmission

Answer 28

The use of an animal to spread an organism from one person or place to another.