Chapter 2

Question 1

Atomic weight

Answer 1

X amu = (fraction abundance)(isotopic mass) + (fraction abundance)(isotopic mass) …

Question 2

Ionic Compounds

Answer 2

-Result from the TRANSFER of electrons, usually from a metal (cations) to a non-metal (anion) -Solids at room temp; high melting point -Do not conduct electricity as solids b/c ions and electrons are fixed in lattice structure -Electrically conductive when dissociated in water

Question 3

Naming ionic compounds

Answer 3

Cation + Anion-ide Ex: Mg and F –> magnesium fluoride

Question 4

Naming transition metals ionic compounds

Answer 4

Metal (oxidation state in Roman numerals) + Anion

Question 5

Covalent compounds

Answer 5

-Result from the SHARING of electrons between atoms -Contain actual bonds (single, double, triple) -Usually between 2+ non-metals -Usually do not conduct electricity when dissolved in water

Question 6

Expressing chemical formulas for covalent compounds

Answer 6

-Molecular formula: # of atoms of each element in a molecule -Condensed formula: shows how atoms are grouped together in a molecule -Structural formula: drawing that shows how atoms are bonded together in a molecule -Empirical formula: smallest whole # ratio of each element in a compound

Question 7

Binary covalent compounds

Answer 7

Prefix-name of atom 1 + Prefix-name of atom 2-ide

Question 8

Binary covalent compounds prefixes

Answer 8

1 = mono 2 = di 3 = tri 4 = tetra 5 = penta 6 = hexa 7 = hepta 8 = octa 9 = nona 10 = deca

Question 9

Hydrocarbons

Answer 9

Organic compounds that consist of only C and H

Question 10

Alkane (hydrocarbon)

Answer 10

Saturated CnH2n+2 Naming: Prefix telling # of C + -ane

Question 11

Alkene (hydrocarbon)

Answer 11

Unsaturated CnH2n Naming: Prefix telling # of C + -ene

Question 12

Alkyne (hydrocarbon)

Answer 12

Unsaturated CnH2n-2 Naming: Prefix telling # of C + -yne

Question 13

Hydrocarbon prefixes

Answer 13

1 = meth 2 = eth 3 = prop 4 = but 5 = pent 6 = hex 7 = hept 8 = oct 9 = non 10 = dec

Question 14

Naming overview: Flowchart

Answer 14

Question 15

Avogadro’s Number

Answer 15

6.02214179 x 10^23 particles

1 mol = 6.022 x 10^23 particles

Question 16

Molar mass

Answer 16

mass in grams of one mole of a substance

Question 17

Molecular mass

Answer 17

sum of the atomic masses for all the atoms in a compounds

Ex: NH3

1(14.007 g/mol) + 3(1.008 g/mol) = 17.030 g/mol

Question 18

Percent composition

Answer 18

(Mass of subunity / Mass of molecule) x 100%