Chapter 2 Flashcards
Psychoanalytic theories
Happens at an unconscious level and is buried in emotion. ( the symbolic meaning behind behavior)
Developmental theories
Comprehensive explanations about why people act and behave the way they do and how they change over time.
Psychosocial development stages
- Trust versus mistrust
- Autonomy versus shame and doubt
- Initiative versus guilt
- Industry versus inferiority
- Identity versus identity confusion
- Intimacy versus isolation
- Generativity versus stagnation
- Integrity versus despair
Cognitive theories
Ideas about how people process information, think. And learn
Moral decisions
Personal decisions that evaluate what is right and what is wrong
Observable behaviors
The things people do and say or the way they act
Behaviorism
The belief that people’s behavior is determined by forces in the environment that are beyond their control.
Often called nature (what you were born with) versus nurture (what you have been taught
Classical conditioning
Behaviors that are associated with emotional responses.
Operant conditioning
The repetition of behaviors when reinforced
Social cognitive theory
People are effected by rewards and punishments, but their reaction to reward and punishments are filtered by their own perceptions,thoughts, and motivations.
Genes
The part of your DNA molecule and are found in every one if your body cells
Genetics
The study of genes
Ethological theory
Assigning traits and behaviors based on environment
Ecological theory
Assigning traits and behaviors based on environment
Scientific method
Asks questions about observed behaviors
