Chapter 2

Question 1

phonology

Answer 1

the study of the distribution and patterning of speech sounds in a language and of the tacit rules governing pronunciation.

Question 2

phonetics

Answer 2

the science or study of speech sounds and their production, transmission, and reception, and their analysis, classification, and transcription.

Question 3

phone

Answer 3

a single uncomplicated speech sound

Question 4

phoneme

Answer 4

one of the set of speech sounds in any given language that serve to distinguish one word from another.

Question 5

morpheme

Answer 5

any of the minimal grammatical units of a language, each constituting a word or meaningful part of a word, that cannot be divided into smaller independent grammatical parts, as the, write, or the -ed of waited.

Question 6

free morpheme

Answer 6

a morpheme that can stand on it’s own

Question 7

bound morpheme

Answer 7

a morpheme that is dependent/bound to a free morpheme to have meaning

Question 8

minimal pairs

Answer 8

pairs of words or phrases in a particular language, which differ in only one phonological element, such as a phoneme and have distinct meanings.

Question 9

allophone

Answer 9

any of the members of a class of speech sounds that, taken together, are commonly felt to be a phoneme, as the t- sounds of toe, stow, tree, hatpin, catcall, cats, catnip, button, metal, city; a speech sound constituting one of the phonetic manifestations or variants of a particular phoneme.

Question 10

allograph

Answer 10

a variant form of a grapheme that is in complementary distribution or free variation with another form of the same grapheme, as t and T or n in run and nn in runner; an orthographic contextual variant.

Question 11

IPA

Answer 11

the set of symbols and modifiers designed, principally on the basis of articulatory considerations, to provide a consistent and universally understood system for transcribing the speech sounds of any language: devised by the International Phonetic Association.

Question 12

virgules vs. brackets

Answer 12

?

Question 13

phonemic transcription

Answer 13

?

Question 14

consonants

Answer 14

a speech sound produced by occluding with or without releasing (p, b; t, d; k, g), diverting (m, n, ng), or obstructing (f, v; s, z, etc.) the flow of air from the lungs (opposed to vowel ).

Question 15

consonant cluster

Answer 15

In linguistics, a consonant cluster (or consonant blend) is a group of consonants which have no intervening vowel. In English, for example, the groups /spl/ and /ts/ are consonant clusters in the word splits.

Question 16

vowel

Answer 16

a speech sound that is produced by comparatively open configuration of the vocal tract, with vibration of the vocal cords but without audible friction and is a unit of the sound system of a language that forms the nucleus of a syllable.

Question 17

vocalic

Answer 17

marked by or consisting of vowels
being or functioning as a vowel
of, relating to, or associated with a vowel

Question 18

dipthong

Answer 18

a sound formed by the combination of two vowels in a single syllable, in which the sound begins as one vowel and moves toward another (as in coin, loud, and side ).

Question 19

monophthong

Answer 19

a vowel that has a single perceived auditory quality.

Question 20

syllable

Answer 20

a unit of pronunciation having one vowel sound, with or without surrounding consonants, forming the whole or a part of a word; e.g., there are two syllables in water and three in inferno.

Question 21

open syllable

Answer 21

syllable ending in a vowel sound/phoneme

Question 22

closed syllable

Answer 22

syllable ending in a consonant sound/phoneme

Question 23

onset

Answer 23

consonants or consonant clusters that appear before the vowel/nucleus

Question 24

nucleus

Answer 24

the vowel(s) of a syllable

Question 25

coda

Answer 25

consonants or consonant clusters that appear after the vowel/nucleus

Question 26

rhyme

Answer 26

nucleus+coda