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Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

anarchy

A

absence of gov’t

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2
Q

socialism

A

both government and economic system

the government owns part of the means of production

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3
Q

communism

A

both government and economic system

government owns all of the means of production

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4
Q

democracy

A

people rule

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5
Q

absolute monarchy

A

king has all power

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6
Q

constitutional monarchy

A

king shares power with the people through parliament

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7
Q

factors of production

A
  1. land
  2. labor
  3. capitol
  4. entrepreneurship
  5. technology
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8
Q

basic economic questions

A
  1. what should be made?
  2. how should it be made?
  3. how much should be made?
  4. how should it be distributed?
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9
Q

Magna Carta

A

an attempt to limit the king’s authority

  1. right to trial by jury
  2. due process of law
  3. no taxation without consent
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10
Q

English Common Law

A

practice of judges basing decisions on past cases
all men are equal under the law
life, liberty, and property may not be taken illegally

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11
Q

The Prince

A

written by Niccolo Machiavelli

good government requires nationalism and executive rules act only in their best political interest

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12
Q

Political Ideas Derived from the Very Holy Words of Scripture

A

written by Bishop Bossuet

royal absolutism and the divine right of kings

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13
Q

Free Law of the Monarchy

A

written by James I
believes the king is responsible to God alone
king is “father” over the people like God
responsible for the welfare of the people
“children” (the people) most obey “father” (the king)

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14
Q

Six Books of the Republic

A 
written by Jean Bodin
every country must have a supreme power
having a king is the logical solution
king's are subject to natural law just like the people
Salic Law: no women rulers
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15
Q

English Petition of Rights

A

limit king’s authority

  1. king can’t levy taxes
  2. king can’t imprison anyone without a charge or provisions for a trial by jury
  3. king can’t house soldiers in homes without consent
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16
Q

English Civil War and Commonwealth

A
  1. the idea of an absolute monarchy was destroyed in England
  2. the House of Commons became dominant political power
  3. opposition rose against a large standing army
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17
Q

Leviathan

A

written by Thomas Hobbes
man being in a state of nature without government
this results in chaos
therefore, government should have absolute power

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18
Q

Act of Habeas Corpus

A
  1. guarantees a prompt hearing before legal authorities

2. if someone is arrested illegally, the arrestor is punished

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19
Q

purpose of the English Bill of Rights

A

Glorious Revolution

  1. king couldn’t levy taxes
  2. the king can’t interfere with parliamentary elections
  3. men were guaranteed certain civil liberaties
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20
Q

civil liberties guaranteed under the English Bill of Rights

A
  1. right to petition government
  2. right to a speedy trial
  3. protection for excessive fines and bail
  4. protection from cruel and unusual punishment
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21
Q

philosophes

A

Enlightenment thinkers that believed that by observing human nature in history and in the present one can discover the laws that govern human nature and these laws can be used to design a virtuous and orderly society and freedom of religion and thought

22
Q

Enlightened Despotism

A

a ruler justifies his authority through his usefulness to society

23
Q

Two Treatises on Government

A

written by John Locke
man is a blank slate and becomes himself through education
1. man is born with God given rights: life, liberty, property
2. government is established to protect these rights
3. if government fails to protect them, man can replace it

24
Q

The Spirit of Laws

A

written by Barron de Montesquieu
seperation of powers
one group should make law, once should interpret law, one should enforce law

25
Candide
written by Voltaire rulers should use authority to promote reform freedom of religion and thought
26
Social Contract
written by Jean Jacques Rousseau 1. majority rules 2. general will 3. life, liberty, and property 4. right of revolution 5. democratic will is more important than individual rights
27
An Essay on Crimes and Punishment
written by Marquis Cesaradi Beccaria | man should develop a system of laws that apply equally to all people
28
physiocrats
economists of the Enlightenment
29
An Inquiry into Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations
written by Adam Smith | foundations of capitalism: people should be free to trade and produce without government interference
30
British Government Structure
King: Head of State Parliament: legislature, prime minister House of Lords, House of Commons
31
Constitutional Convention
revise Articles of Confederation in Philadelphia all states present but Rhode Island
32
head of Constitutional Convention
George Washington
33
head of Committee of Style
Gooveneur Morris
34
common goals of the convention
1. create a republic 2. constitution in writing 3. stronger national government 4. government that will protect human rights and property 5. want to reform society so that government has virtue
35
conflicts of the convention
1. economics 2. strength of national government 3. representation of states in congress
36
VA Plan
led by James Madison Legislative: Bicameral (lower house chosen by people, lower house chooses upper house) Executive: chosen by legislative Judicial: chosen by legislative
37
NJ Plan
led by William Patterson Legislative: Unicameral (equal reps for all states) Executive: 3 man committee chosen by legislative Judicial: chosen by legislative
38
CT Compromise
led by Roger Sherman Legislative: Bicameral (House of Reps, Senate) Executive: 1 president, 4 year term
39
Electoral College
1. choose president 2. choose vice president number of electors based on number of congressman per state
40
12th Amendment
Electors each vote for a candidate for president/vice president instead of runner up becoming VP
41
Slave States in 3/5 Compromise
must count slaves in determining the amount of representative the state will recieve can't count slaves in determining the percentage of tax burden the state must pay
42
Non-Slave States in 3/5 Compromise
can't count slaves in determining the amount of representative the state will recieve must count slaves in determining the percentage of tax burden the state must pay
43
Slave Trade Compromise
the international slave trade would stay open for 20 more years
44
Division of Powers
Delegated Powers: the powers that the constitution gives to the federal government Reserved Powers: powers kept by the states
45
origin of Amendments
1. Congress | 2. Constitutional Convention
46
Amendment Requirements
1. must be ratified by 3/4 of states | 2. approval of 9 states is needed to replace Articles of Confederation (necessary states: MA, VA, NY)
47
Federalists
support the constitution James Madison, John Jay, Alexander Hamilton 1. stronger central gov't 2. use Federalist Papers as propogana
48
Anti-Federalists
don't want the new constitution 1. took too much power from the states 2. no Bill of Rights 3. gave president too much power
49
Legislative Branch
make laws approve presidential appointments 435 members
50
Judicial Branch
interpret the law | determine if a law is constitutional
51
Executive Branch
execute the law | commander-in-chief of the military

Government (3 decks)

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