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Honors Chemistry > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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0
Q

Volume

A

A measure of the space occupied by the object

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1
Q

Mass

A

A measure of the amount of matter the object contains

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2
Q

Extensive property

A

A property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample

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3
Q

Intensive property

A

A property that depends on the type of matter in a sample

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4
Q

Substance

A

Matter that has a uniform and definite composition

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5
Q

Physical property

A

A quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s composition

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6
Q

Solid

A

A form of matter with a definite shape and volume

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7
Q

Liquid

A

A form of matter that has an indefinite shape, flows, has a fixed volume

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8
Q

Gas

A

A form of matter that takes both the shape and volume of its container

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9
Q

Vapor

A

The gaseous state of a substance that is generally a liquid or solid at room temperature

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10
Q

Physical change

A

Some properties of a material change but the composition of the material does not change

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11
Q

How can properties used to describe matter be classified?

A

Extensive or intensive

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12
Q

Why do all samples of a substance have the same intensive properties?

A

Every sample has the same composition

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13
Q

What are examples of physical properties?

A
  • Boiling or melting point
  • hardness
  • Color
  • conductivity
  • malleability
  • State
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14
Q

What are the three states of matter?

A

Solid, liquid, gas

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15
Q

What is the shape, volume, and molecule arrangement in a solid?

A

Definite shape, definite volume, packed tightly together

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16
Q

What is the shape, volume, molecule arrangement in a liquid?

A

Indefinite shape, definite volume, close together and free to flow

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17
Q

What is the shape, volume, molecule arrangement in a gas?

A

Indefinite shape, in definite volume, far apart

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18
Q

Physical changes can be ______ or ______. Give example

A

Reversible: melting
Irreversible: cutting hair

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19
Q

Define as irreversible or reversible physical change

A 
Melting:
Cutting hair:
Freezing:
Boiling:
Filing nails:
20
Q

What is the boiling point and freezing point of water?

A

Boiling: 100°C, freezing point: 0°C

21
Q

Mixture

A

Physical blend of two or more components

22
Q

Heterogeneous mixture

A

A mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout

23
Q

Homogeneous mixture

A

A mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout

24
Q

Solution

A

Another name for a homogeneous mixture

25
Q

Phase

A

Any part of a sample with uniform composition and properties

26
Q

Filtration

A

The process that separates a solid from the liquid in a heterogeneous mixture

27
Q

Distillation

A

A liquid is boiled to produce of vapor that is then condensed into a liquid

28
Q

How can mixtures be classified?

A

Homogenous or heterogeneous

29
Q

How can mixtures be separated?

A

Filtration or distillation

30
Q

Differences in _______ ________ can be used to separate mixtures.

A

Physical properties

31
Q

Element

A

The simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties

32
Q

Compound

A

A substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion

33
Q

Chemical change

A

change that produces matter with a different composition than the original

34
Q

Chemical symbol

A

A one or two letter element symbol

35
Q

How are elements and compounds different?

A

Compounds can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means but elements cannot

36
Q

How can substances and mixtures be distinguished?

A

If the composition of the material is fixed the material is a substance. If the composition of the material may vary the material is a mixture

37
Q

What do chemists use to represent elements and compounds?

A

Chemical symbols for elements and chemical formulas for compounds

38
Q

What do the chemical symbols represent? How are the letters always written?

A

Elements; one capitalized and if second lowercase

39
Q

What do the subscripts show in a chemical formula?

A

The number of each element

40
Q

Chemical property

A

The ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change

41
Q

Chemical reaction

A

One or more substances changed into one or more new substances

42
Q

Reactant

A

A substance present at the start of the reaction

43
Q

Product

A

A substance produced in the reaction

44
Q

Precipitate

A

A solid that forms and settles out of a liquid mixture

45
Q

Law of conservation of mass

A

In any physical change or chemical reaction mass is conserved

46
Q

What always happens in a physical change?

A

A transfer of energy

47
Q

What are four possible clues that a chemical change has taken place?

A

Transfer of energy, a change in color, the production of a gas, or the formation of a precipitate

48
Q

How are the mass of the reactants and the mass of the products of a chemical reaction related? What is this called?

A

They are equal; law of conservation of mass

Honors Chemistry (2 decks)

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