Chapter 2 Flashcards
What are some of the STRUCTURES in the ORAL cavity?
- lips
- teeth (dentition)
- hard palate (maxilla)
- soft palate (velum)
- uvula
- mandible
- floor of mouth
- tongue (EXCEPT BASE)
- faucial arches - ant. & post
- palatine tonsils
- sulci - ant & post.
- salivary glands
What are the ORAL MUSCLES?
TONGUE
- intrinsic ( superior & inferior longitudinal , transverse and vertical)
- extrinsic (genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus, palatoglossus)
ROOF OF MOUTH
- palatoglossus (pulls velum down and forward against back of tongue)
- palatopharyngeus ( helps for VP closure)
What are the PHARYNGEAL structures?
- pharyx! (pharyngeal walls)
- velum
- base of tongue
- mandible
- hyoid bone
- pterygoid plates on sphenoid bone (oropharynx)
- thryroid cartilage
- cricoid cartilage
- pyriform sinuses
What are some of the PHARYNGEAL/LARYNGEAL muscles?
SUPRAHYOIDS: mylohyoid, geniohyoid, ant. belly of digastricus
INFRAHYOID: thyrohyoid
CONSTRICTORS: superior, inferior, middle constrictors (post. & lateral walls)
CRICOPHARYNGEOUS (CP) aka. UES : inferior constrictor muscles attached to cricoid lamina.
What is the main job of the CP?
Prevents air from entering esophagus and reduces backflow!!!
T or F: The sternohyoid sits anteriorly from the thyrohyoid muscle.
TRUE!
What are some of the LARYNGEAL structures?
- hyoid bone
- VF’s (true and false)
- epiglottis
- laryngeal vestibule
- valleculae
- thyroid cartilage
- arytenoid cartilages
- aryepiglottic folds
- ventricles (lateral)
What are some important LARYNGEAL muscles?
INTRINSIC muscles of larynx:
- PCA (abductor)
- LCA (adductor)
- INTERARYTENOIDS (transverse and oblique)
- TA (thyrovocalis and muscularis)
LARYNGEAL STRAP muscles: (DEPRESSORS)
- THYROHYOID (elevates and depresses larynx)
- STRENOTHRYOID (suspends larynx and trachea)
- STERNOHYOID (lowers and stabilizes hyoid)
What are some of the ESOPHAGEAL structures?
- UES (aka CP)
- Esophagus
- LES
The esophagus is made up of 2 muscle layers which are:
1) inner circle
2) outer longitudinal
both make up striated and smooth muscle!
T or F: The UES keeps food in the stomach.
FALSE - the LES
T or F: The UES prevents air coming in the esophagus and keeps contents from coming up.
TRUE!
T or F: Older individuals have better protection than younger individuals.
FALSE! Younger have better protection bc they have a higher hyoid and larynx (less elevation required)
What are the CRANIAL NERVES involved with swallowing? (MOTOR)
- facial
- trigeminal
- vagus
- hypoglossal
- glossopharyngeal
- accessory
What are the CRANIAL NERVES involved with swallowing? (SENSORY)
- facial
- trigeminal
- vagus
- hypoglossal
- glossopharyngeal
T or F: The apneic period happens during the pharyngeal stage of swallowing.
TRUE
Apneic period increases as ____________ increases.
VOLUME
The apneic period usually happens during _____________.
EXHALATION! (safer than inhalation!)
The cough reflex is activated if bolus reaches the ____________________.
laryngeal vestibule!
The cough reflex is activated by which cranial nerve?
VAGUS (X)
Which CN is responsible for motor mvmt of tongue?
HYPOGLOSSAL (XII)
Which CN is responsible for motor input in mastication?
TRIGEMINAL (V)
Which CN is responsible for motor mvmt of lips, face, salivary glands?
FACIAL (VII)
Which CN is responsible for motor mvmt of uvula, palate, and pharyngeal constrictors?
ACCESORY (XI)
Which CN is responsible for the gag reflex and provides motor input to pharynx?
GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL (IX)
Which CN provides SENSATION to 2/3 ant. of tongue?
TRIGEMINAL (V)
Which CN provides TASTE to 2/3 ant. of tongue?
FACIAL (VII)
Which CN provides TASTE & SENSATION to 1/3 post. of tongue?
GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL (IX)
Which CN brings sensation to mucous membranes of pharynx, palate, post. tongue & tonsils?
HYPOGLOSSAL (XII)
Which CN brings sensation to mucous membrane of pharynx, larynx, bronchi, lungs, esophagus, stomach?
VAGUS (X)
