Chapter 2: 2.1 The Musculoskeletal System And Exercise

Question 1

What does DOMS stand for?

Answer 1

Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness

Question 2

Name the 5 types of muscle actions

Answer 2

Isotonic (same tone): used to describe muscle actions involving movement eg. Concentric and eccentric

Concentric: Muscle generates force whilst shortening or contracting

Eccentric: Muscle generates force whilst lengthening

Isometric: Muscle generates force and remains the same length

Isokinetic: Muscle actions involving movement at a constant speed

Question 3

What are the different planes of movement?

Answer 3

Frontal plane: A vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

Sagittal plane: A vertical plane that divides the body into right and left

Transverse plane: A horizontal plane that divides the body into upper and lower halves

Question 4

Name the axes of movement

Answer 4

Anterior-posterior axis: Passes through the frontal plane

Medial-lateral axis: Passes through the sagittal plane

Longitudinal axis: Passes through the transverse plane

Question 5

What are the three types of muscle actions?

Answer 5

Fibrous: Immovable, that interlock with bones ie. the plates in the skull

Cartilaginous: Slightly moveable bones connected by cartilage ie. the vertebrae

Synovial: Freely moveable, most common joint type ie. hip, knee, shoulder, elbow

Question 6

Name the six sub-groups of synovial joints

Answer 6

Gliding joints: ie. mid-carpal and mid-tarsal bones of the wrist and ankle

Pivot joints: ie. between atlas and axis of the cervical vertebrae

Saddle joints: ie. the thumb

Ball and socket joints: ie. hip and shoulder

Ellipsoild joints: ie. the knuckles between the phalangeal bones of the fingers and toes

Hinge joints: ie. knee and elbow