chapter 2

Question 1

what does a lewis structure show ?

Answer 1

the arrangement of electrons and bonds in a molecule or polyatomic ion

Question 2

if the difference of EN > 1.7

Answer 2

ionic

Question 3

if the difference of EN < 1.7 > 0.5

Answer 3

polar covalent

Question 4

if the difference of EN < 0.5

Answer 4

non-polar covalent

Question 5

in ionic bonds, the valence electrons are

Answer 5

transferred

Question 6

in polar covalent bonds, the valence electrons are

Answer 6

shared unequally (partial charges)

Question 7

in non polar covalent bonds, the valence electrons are

Answer 7

shared equally

Question 8

what are ions formed and held together by ?

Answer 8

electrostatic attraction

Question 9

atoms and ions are stable if they have

Answer 9

a full valence shell of electrons

Question 10

electrons are most stable when

Answer 10

paired

Question 11

atoms form chemical bonds to

Answer 11

achieve a full valence shell

Question 12

a full valence shell may be achieved by either

Answer 12

transferring or sharing electrons

Question 13

what are the 3 types of ionic compounds ?

Answer 13

binary ionic compounds
polyatomic ionic compounds
ionic compounds with multivalent metals

Question 14

binary ionic compounds (how many ? what do they end in ?)

Answer 14

2 elements: 1 metal and 1 non-metal

end in -ide

Question 15

polyatomic compounds (how many ? what do they end in ?)

Answer 15

more than 2 elements: 1 metal and 1 polyatomic ion

compound names usually end in -ate or -ite

Question 16

compounds with multivalent metals

Answer 16

contain a metal with more than one possible charge

roman numerals indicate charge

Question 17

which compounds use roman numerals to indicate charge ?

Answer 17

multivalent metals

Question 18

what kind of compounds do NOT criss cross charges ?

Answer 18

molecular/covalent compounds

Question 19

covalent/molecular compounds contain, end in ?

Answer 19

contain 2 or more non-metals

end in -ide

Question 20

what kind of compounds use prefixes ?

Answer 20

molecular/covalent

hydrates

Question 21

list the prefixes

Answer 21

mono
di
tri
tetra
penta
hexa
hepta
octo
nona
deca

Question 22

what are the two types of acids ?

Answer 22

binary acids

oxy acids

Question 23

what are binary acids composed of ?

Answer 23

H and one other element

Question 24

what are oxy acids composed of ?

Answer 24

H and a polyatomic ion

Question 25

all acids are

Answer 25

aq

Question 26

what kind of acids start with hydro-

Answer 26

binary acids

Question 27

give an example of a binary acid

Answer 27

hydrochloric acid

Question 28

binary acids end in

Answer 28

-ic

Question 29

when writing acids, for polyatomic ions that end in -ate, the acid ends in

Answer 29

-ic

Question 30

when writing acids, for polyatomic ions that end in -ite, the acid ends in

Answer 30

-ous

Question 31

what does VSEPR stand for ?

Answer 31

valence shell electron pair repulsion

Question 32

who developed the VSEPR theory ?

Answer 32

Ronald Gillespie and Ronald Nyholm

Question 33

what is the VSEPR theory ?

Answer 33

a model for predicting the shape of molecules

Question 34

what is important for molecular shape ?

Answer 34

the valence shell electrons of the central atoms

Question 35

what do valence shell electron pairs do ?

Answer 35

they repel each other electrostatically

Question 36

what determines the molecular shape ?

Answer 36

the positions of the electron pairs when they are a maximum distance apart (with the lowest repulsion possible)

Question 37

what do geometrical arrangements refer to ?

Answer 37

refers to the ways in which the groups of valence electrons are positioned around the central atom

Question 38

how many basic geometrical arrangements and what do they result from ?

Answer 38

there are 5 basic geometrical arrangements | result from the interactions of lone pairs and bonding of electrons

Question 39

list the 5 basic geometrical arrangements ?

Answer 39

``` linear trigonal planar tetrahedral trigonal bipyramidal octahedral ```

Question 40

variations in the molecular shape occur if

Answer 40

one or more of the electron groups include a lone pair of electrons

Question 41

2 bonds (0 lp) = 2

Answer 41

linear

Question 42

3 bonds (0 lp) = 3

Answer 42

trigonal planar

Question 43

4 bonds (0 lp) = 4

Answer 43

tetrahedral

Question 44

5 bonds (0 lp) = 5

Answer 44

trigonal bipyramidal

Question 45

6 bonds (0 lp) = 6

Answer 45

octahedral

Question 46

2 bonds 1 lp = 3

Answer 46

bent

Question 47

3 bonds 1 lp = 4

Answer 47

trigonal pyramidal

Question 48

2 bonds 2 lp = 4

Answer 48

bent

Question 49

4 bonds 1 lp = 5

Answer 49

sawhorse

Question 50

3 bonds 2 lp = 5

Answer 50

t-shaped

Question 51

2 bonds 3 lp = 5

Answer 51

linear

Question 52

5 bonds 1 lp = 6

Answer 52

square pyramidal

Question 53

4 bonds 2 lp = 6

Answer 53

square planar

Question 54

overall polarity of a molecule depends on

Answer 54

``` dipole moments (location of partial charges) molecular shape ```

Question 55

in order for a molecule to be POLAR, it must have..

Answer 55

polar covalent bonds | nonsymmetrical partial charge distribution

Question 56

what determines the melting and boiling points of a compound ?

Answer 56

the strength of the force between ions or molecules

Question 57

____ compounds usually have HIGH mp and bp

Answer 57

ionic

Question 58

____ compounds have intermediate mps and bps

Answer 58

polar covalent

Question 59

____ molecules have the lowest mp and bp

Answer 59

non polar covalent

Question 60

water is a _____ molecule

Answer 60

polar

Question 61

what kind of compounds are insoluble in water ?

Answer 61

non polar covalent compounds

Question 62

what kind of compounds are soluble in water ?

Answer 62

ionic and polar covalent

Question 63

in order to conduct an electric current, ions must

Answer 63

be free to move

Question 64

which state of ionic compounds can conduct electricity ?

Answer 64

liquid and aqueous

Question 65

what are INTERmolecular forces ?

Answer 65

attractions between molecules

Question 66

what are INTRAmolecular forces ?

Answer 66

forces within molecules

Question 67

which forces are stronger, intermolecular or intramolecular ?

Answer 67

intramolecular forces are stronger

Question 68

intermolecular forces as a group are referred to as

Answer 68

van der waals forces