Chapter 2

Question 1

Why is software important?

Answer 1

Economies of ALL developed nations depend on it

Question 2

What is the scope of software engineering?

Answer 2

Concerned with theories, methods, and tools for professional software development.

Question 3

What are the main topics outlined in the presentation ‘Concepts of Software Engineering’?

Answer 3

SDLC

Question 4

What does SDLC stand for?

Answer 4

Software Development Life Cycle.

Question 5

What is the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)?

Answer 5

A structured process that enables the production of high-quality

Question 6

What is the goal of the SDLC?

Answer 6

To produce superior software that meets and exceeds all customer expectations and demands.

Question 7

List the 6 phases of the SDLC presented in the diagram.

Answer 7

1. Planning

Question 8

Why is SDLC important (list at least 3 reasons)?

Answer 8

Provides a standardized framework defining activities/deliverables; Aids in project planning, estimating, scheduling; Makes project tracking/control easier; Increases development speed; Improves client relations; Decreases project risks.

Question 9

How does SDLC contribute to project management?

Answer 9

It aids in project planning

Question 10

What is the first phase of SDLC and its main activity?

Answer 10

Planning; Gathering business requirements from client or stakeholders.

Question 11

What inputs are typically used in the SDLC Planning phase?

Answer 11

Inputs from the customer, the sales department, market surveys, and domain experts.

Question 12

What key questions are addressed during the Planning phase?

Answer 12

Who will use the system? How will they use it? What data input is needed? What data output is expected?

Question 13

What is the second phase of SDLC and its purpose?

Answer 13

Analysis; To outline the scope of the problem and identify solutions.

Question 14

What happens to requirements during the Analysis phase?

Answer 14

They are analysed and converted into clear requirements for the development team.

Question 15

What key document is produced during the Analysis phase?

Answer 15

Software Requirement Specification (SRS).

Question 16

What is the purpose of the SRS document?

Answer 16

Serves as a guideline for the next phase (Design) and contains all product requirements.

Question 17

What is the third phase of SDLC?

Answer 17

Design.

Question 18

What document is created in the Design phase to elaborate the plan?

Answer 18

Software Design Document (SDD).

Question 19

What elements are typically included in an SDD?

Answer 19

System design, programming language, templates, platform, application security measures, flowcharts.

Question 20

What technique might be used in the Design phase to visualize the product early?

Answer 20

Development of a prototype model.

Question 21

What aspects of system architecture are defined during the Design phase?

Answer 21

Overall architecture, System flow (flowchart), Database design (ERD/DFD), Timeline, Prototype.

Question 22

What is the fourth phase of SDLC

Answer 22

and what is another name for it?

Question 23

What is the primary activity during the Implementation phase?

Answer 23

Code is produced

Question 24

Which SDLC phase is often the longest?

Answer 24

Implementation (Development) phase.

Question 25

How is work typically organized during Implementation?

Answer 25

Divided into modules or units.

Question 26

What is the fifth phase of SDLC?

Answer 26

Testing & Integration.

Question 27

What is the main purpose of the Testing phase?

Answer 27

To test the developed code against requirements to ensure the product solves the addressed needs.

Question 28

What are the two broad categories of testing performed?

Answer 28

Functional testing and non-functional testing.

Question 29

List at least 3 types of testing mentioned in the Testing & Integration phase description.

Answer 29

Performance testing, Functional testing, Security testing, Unit-testing, Usability testing, Acceptance testing.

Question 30

What cycle of activities do testers follow?

Answer 30

Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC) activities.

Question 31

How are bugs/defects handled during testing?

Answer 31

Reported, tracked, fixed, and retested until the product meets quality standards defined in the SRS.

Question 32

What happens after successful testing and what is it called?

Answer 32

The product is delivered/deployed to the customer for use; called Integration.

Question 33

What type of testing might customers perform after initial deployment?

Answer 33

Beta testing.

Question 34

What is the sixth phase of SDLC?

Answer 34

Maintenance.

Question 35

What occurs during the Maintenance phase?

Answer 35

Solving actual problems that arise during customer use, ongoing care for the product.

Question 36

What might happen if significant defects are found during Maintenance?

Answer 36

It could lead to revisiting earlier SDLC phases, potentially starting from Planning.

Question 37

How might the Maintenance phase be viewed in an agile approach?

Answer 37

As a stage for further improvement, not just defect fixing.

Question 38

Can SDLC phases restart after deployment?

Answer 38

Yes

Question 39

What is Agile development?

Answer 39

An iterative development methodology enabling teams to deliver value faster.

Question 40

How does Agile testing differ from traditional testing?

Answer 40

It's continuous

Question 41

What are the two main testing methods compared?

Answer 41

Black Box Testing and White Box Testing.

Question 42

Describe Black Box Testing.

Answer 42

Tests external behavior only, without considering internal workings.

Question 43

Describe White Box Testing.

Answer 43

Tests software considering its internal functioning, logic, and structure.

Question 44

Who typically performs Black Box Testing?

Answer 44

Testers.

Question 45

Who typically performs White Box Testing?

Answer 45

Software developers.

Question 46

When is Black Box Testing typically used?

Answer 46

System Testing or Acceptance Testing.

Question 47

When is White Box Testing typically used?

Answer 47

Unit Testing or Integration Testing.

Question 48

Which testing method focuses on behavior testing?

Answer 48

Black Box Testing.

Question 49

Which testing method focuses on logic testing?

Answer 49

White Box Testing.

Question 50

List aliases for Black Box Testing.

Answer 50

Data-driven testing, functional testing, closed box testing.

Question 51

List aliases for White Box Testing.

Answer 51

Clear box testing, code-based testing, structural testing, transparent testing.

Question 52

Which testing method is well-suited for algorithm testing?

Answer 52

White Box Testing.

Question 53

What are the two main categories of testing types listed on slide 17?

Answer 53

Functional Testing and Non-Functional Testing.

Question 54

List examples of Functional Testing.

Answer 54

Unit Testing, Integration Testing, System Testing, Smoke Testing, Interface Testing, Regression Testing, Beta/Acceptance Testing.

Question 55

List examples of Non-Functional Testing.

Answer 55

Performance Testing, Load Testing, Volume Testing, Security Testing, Compatibility Testing, Installation Testing, Recovery Testing, Reliability Testing, Usability Testing.

Question 56

What are the two broad categories of Methods & Techniques shown?

Answer 56

Development Methods & Techniques and Management Methods & Techniques.

Question 57

List the Development Methods & Techniques shown.

Answer 57

System Engineering, Requirements Analysis, Design, Software Implementation, Testing, Integration, Maintenance.

Question 58

What underpins the Development Methods & Techniques according to the diagram?

Answer 58

Verification & Validation.

Question 59

List the Management Methods & Techniques shown.

Answer 59

Project Planning, Project Tracking & Oversight, Quality Assurance, Configuration Management.

Question 60

Define Verification in software engineering.

Answer 60

The process of determining if the software is designed and developed as per the specified requirements (Are we building the product right?).

Question 61

Define Validation in software engineering.

Answer 61

The process of checking if the software (end product) has met the client's true needs and expectations (Are we building the right product?).

Question 62

What model illustrates the relationship between development and testing levels?

Answer 62

The V-Model.

Question 63

In the V-Model

Answer 63

what links Verification and Validation phases?

Question 64

According to the V-Model

Answer 64

what testing level corresponds to Requirement Gathering?

Question 65

According to the V-Model

Answer 65

what testing level corresponds to Functional Design?

Question 66

According to the V-Model

Answer 66

what testing level corresponds to Internal System Design?

Question 67

According to the V-Model

Answer 67

what testing level corresponds to Module Design?

Question 68

What is the typical focus of a Computer Scientist?

Answer 68

Proves theorems about algorithms, designs languages, defines knowledge representation schemes.

Question 69

What is the typical focus of an Engineer (in software context)?

Answer 69

Develops solutions for application-specific problems, uses tools/techniques/methods.

Question 70

What distinguishes a Software Engineer?

Answer 70

Works in multiple application domains, applying engineering principles to software.

Question 71

How does Computer Science relate to Software Engineering?

Answer 71

Provides the scientific foundation for software.

Question 72

Why is Management Science relevant to Software Engineering?

Answer 72

Software engineering requires both technical and managerial control.

Question 73

How does Economics relate to Software Engineering?

Answer 73

Involves resource estimation, cost control, and working within budgets.

Question 74

Why is System Engineering relevant to Software Engineering?

Answer 74

Most software is part of larger systems, requiring a systems perspective.