Chapter 2 Flashcards
what is the web?
is a service consisting of websites located
on computers around the world, connected through the
Internet.
what is the internet?
is a global collection
of millions of computers linked together to share
information.
What is the ARPANET?
a network that (1) allowed scientists
at different physical locations to share information and
work together on military and scientific projects and (2)
could function even if part of the network were disabled
or destroyed by a disaster, such as a nuclear attack and linked scientific and academic researchers in the US
what is a host?
is any computer or device that
provides services and connections to other computers or
devices on a network.
Net neutrality
is the concept that one website
has the same value or priority as other websites, resulting in
equal, unrestricted access to each site.
Internet service provider
a
company that sells Internet access, must provide the same
level of service to all websites, regardless of their content or
purpose.
Bandwidth
is a common term used to describe the capacity of a
communications channel.
What do high-bandwidth connections do?
support capacity for
transferring content such as videos, music, and other large fil es; it also can support online gaming
What is another word for high-bandwidth connection?
broadband connections
What do low-bandwidth connections do?
support
only slower transfer speeds, as they have less capacity - like sending and receiving emails.
What is another term for a low-bandwidth connection?
narrowband connection
is tl1e transmission of messages and fi les
via a computer network.
Describe the difference between the Internet and the Web
The Internet is a global
system of networks that provides billions of users around
the world to access a variety of services by connecting
networks and devices. The web, along with email, file
transfer services, and messaging, is one of those services.
The web provides information to users via webpages and
websites.
What is a webpage?
is a specially formatted document that can contain text, graphics,
sound, video, and links to other webpages.
Hyperlinks (links)
are words or graphics you can click to
display a webpage or other resources on the Internet, such
as a file.
Static webpage versus dynamic webpage
When you visit a static webpage, you see the same content each time. With a dynamic webpage, by contrast, the content of the
webpage is regenerated each time you display it.
website.
A collection of related webpages (often shortened to
“pages”) and associated items, such as documents and
photos, stored on a web server
Web server
is a computer that delivers requested web
pages to your computer or mobile device.
responsive web design (R\VD)
that adapts the layout of the website to fit the screen on
which it is being displayed.
HTML (Hypertext Markup
Language) i
set of code that developers use to specify
the headings, paragraphs, images, links, and other content
elements that a webpage contains
Name the two core technologies for developing webpages
HTML and CSS
What is CSS?
(Cascading Style Sheets0 and it is used to specify the content’s design and appearance
What is a browser?
An application designed to display webpages
Cache
As you navigate websites, your browser keeps a copy
of each page you view in a holding area (cache) so the next time you go to a webpage, it loads more quickly.
Explain cookies
small text files generated by a web server to store
information, such as items you view or purchase on an
e-commerce site.
Explain breadcrumbs
keeps track of pages
you have viewed in sequence by tracking he path you followed to display a webpage. (think Hansel and Gretel)
What is the navigation bar?
in a browser includes buttons, such as
Back and Forward, that you can use to revisit webpages
along the breadcrumb path.
Explain the concept of a URL
an address that identifies the location
of the page on the Internet (Figure 2-5), including its
host web server.
Hypertext Transfer
Protocol (HTTP)
most common way to transfer
information around the web, to retrieve the page; when the
URL for a webpage starts with http://, the browser uses
this protocol for transferring the information.
What does URL stand for?
Uniform Resource Locator
What is a protocol?
a common set of rules for exchanging
information.
Internet Protocol
identification for every computer on the Internet
What is an IP address
a unique number that consists of four sets of
numbers from 0 to 255 separated by periods, or dots, as
in 69.32.132.255.
What are the two IP addressing schemes called?
IPv4 and IPv6
What is a domain name?
is the portion
of a URL that identifies one or more IP addresses, such
as cengage.com.
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol)
is a set of protocols that is used by all comput
ers and devices on the Internet. TCP defines how data is
routed through a network, and IP specifies that all com
puters and devices connected to a network have a unique
IP address.
How is the domain name used?
URLs use the domain name in the server
address part of the URL to identify a particular website.
Explain the concept of a pathname
the pathname in a URL includes the names of the folders containing the file, the file name, and its extension. Comes after the server address, separated by a forward slash
What is the address bar
the part of a
browser window that displays the location of the current
webpage.
Explain top-level domain (TLD)
In a web address, the three-letter extension after the
period (.com) and identifies the
type of organization associated with the domain.
What is “traffic”?
communications activity,
on the Internet
Internet backbone
collective noun for the major carriers of network traffic on the Internet
Domain Name System (DNS)
the method that the
Internet uses to store domain names and their corresponding
IP addresses.
What is a DNS server??
a server on the Internet
that usually is associated with an ISP
What is a search engine?
software designed to locate relevant webpages by creating a
simple query based on your search criteria and storing the collected data in a search database
hot spot
is a wireless network device that provides Internet connec
tions to mobile computers and devices.
mobile hot spot
enables you to connect a phone, computer, or other device
to the Internet through the cellular network
megabyte
data size available that is characterized by one million characters
gigabyte
data size available that is equal to approximately one
billion characters.
Wi-Fi hotspots
wireless networks that are available in public spaces
Tethering
transforms a smartphone or Internet-capable
tablet into a portable communications device that shares
its Internet access with other computers and devices
wirelessly
Wireless access point (WAP)
allows a Wi-Fi compliant device to
connect to a network
service set identifier (SSID)
which is the unique address of the wireless network
informational
and research website
contains factual information
Bookmarking site
website that
enables members to organize, tag, and share links to media
and other online content (
a tag
s descriptive
text used to categorize media and invite comments.
Social media
o the many ways individuals and businesses
share information and interact using the Internet.)
News,
weather, sports, and other mass media websites
contain
stories and articles relating to current events, life, money,
politics, weather, technology trends
educational website
offers formal
and informal teaching and learning.
A business
website
contains content that increases brand awareness,
provides company background or other information, and/or
promotes or sells products or services.
Government agen
cies’ websites
providing citizens with information, such as
census data (Figure 2-16), or assistance, such as filing taxes.
blog
originated from the term, web log) is an
informal website consisting of time-stamped articles, or
posts, in a diary or journal format, usually listed in reverse
chronological order.
Blogosphere
refers to the
worldwide collection of biogs.
microblog
also a type of social media site) allows users to publish
short messages, usually less than 10,000 characters, for
others to read. (twitter/X)
Blogger
person who runs a blog
Wiki
is a collabo
rative website where you and your colleagues can modify
and publish content on a webpage.
Chatting
holding real-time
typed conversations by two or more people who are online
at the same time.
Health and Fitness websites
provide up-to
date medical, fitness, nutrition, or exercise information
for public access.
Science websites
contain information about
space exploration, astronomy, physics, earth sciences,
microgravity, robotics, and other branches of science.
entertainment website
offers music,
videos, shows, performances, events, sports, games, and
more in an interactive and engaging environment.
Online banking and online
trading
enable users to access their financial records
from anywhere in the world, provided they have an
Internet connection.
Travel and tourism websites
enable users to research travel options and make travel
arrangements.
Several mapping websites and web apps
enable you to display up-to-date maps by searching for an
address, postal code, phone number, or point of interest (such as
an airport, lodging, or historical site).
electronic storefront
con
tains product descriptions, images, and a shopping cart.
shopping cart
allows the customer to collect items
to purchase.
online auction
users bid on an item being
sold by someone else
Job search
websites
openings in hundreds of
fi elds, companies, and locations.
A Portal
a website that combines pages from
many sources and provides access to those pages.
Content aggregator
gathers, organizes, and then distributes web content
What is a web app?
apps you can run entirely in a browser.
E-commerce
electronic commerce. is a business
transaction that occurs over an electronic network, such
as the Internet
Why do consumers use e-commerce?
Convenience
Why do businesses use e-commerce?
increase revenue
what are the three types of e-commerce websites?
business-to -consumer, consumer-to-consumer, and
business-to-business.
Business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce
consists of
the sale of goods and services to the general public, such
as at a shopping website.
Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) e-commerce
occurs
when one consumer sells directly to another, such as in
an online auction.
Business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce
occurs
when businesses provide goods and services to other
businesses, such as online advertising, recruiting, credit,
sales, market research, technical support, and training
Encryption
is a security method that scrambles
or codes data as it is transmitted over a network so that it is
not readable until it is decrypted.
http vs https
the s stands for secure
https
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
Secure
digital
certificate
verify a user’s identity with a digital
key that has been “signed” by a trusted third party . T his third party verifies the owner and
that the key belongs to that owner.
pop-blocker
is a filtering pro
gram that stops pop-up ads from displaying on webpages;
similarly, a pop-under blocker stops pop-under ads.
proxy server
another computer that screens all
your incoming and outgoing messages.
3D Secure
is a
standard protocol for securing credit card transactions over
the Internet.
Transport Layer Security (TLS)
protect consumers and businesses from fraud and identity
theft when conducting commerce on the Internet.
email app
create, send, receive, forward,
store, print, and delete email messages.
clip
a media file, such as a graphic, sound, ani
mation, or movie, that you can add to documents and
webpages.
email address
a combination of a username
and a domain name that identifies a user so that the
user can receive Internet email.
username
a unique
combination of characters, such as letters of the alphabet
and/or numbers, that identifies a specific user.
email list
electronic mailing list, is
a group of email addresses used for mass distribution of a
message.
Internet messaging services
occur in real
time, are communications services that notify you when
one or more of your established contacts are online and
then allow you to exchange messages or files or join a pri
vate chat room with them.
Text messaging
allows
you to send messages to a person or group quickly.
Multimedia messaging
or
links to websites, allows participants to quickly share
content.
Voice messaging
refers to recording and posting digital
messages for another person.
Voice-to-text
converts incom
ing or outgoing voice messages to written text
online discussion
is an online
area in which users have written discussions about
a particular subject.
thread
or threaded
discussion, consists of the original article and all
subsequent related replies.
podcast
recorded media that users can download or
stream to a computer or mobile device and listen to at
any time
video podcast
a file that
contains video and audio; it is usually offered as part of a
subscription to a podcasting service.
web/video conference
is a meeting
among several geographically separated people who use a
network or the Internet to transmit audio and video data
Webinar
short for web-based seminar, is a
presentation an audience accesses over the web that shows
a shared view of the presenter’s screen and may also include
audio and video of the presenter and allow for audience
participation.
Video chat (video calling)
is a face
to-face conversation held over a network, such as the Internet.
webcasts
video broadcasts of an event transmitted across the Internet
video messaging
which allows you
to leave a video message for a recipient to retrieve later.
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
to voice
communications over the Internet and is sometimes called
Internet telephony
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
an Internet standard used
to upload or download files between your local computer
and a remote web server.
Uploading
g is the process of trans
ferring files from a computer or mobile device to a server
on the Internet.
Downloading
is the process of transferring
files from a server on the Internet to your computer or
mobile device.
FTP server
computer that allows users to
upload and/or download files using FTP.
FTP site
collection of files that reside on an FTP server.
Social network
is a
website that encourages members in its online community
to share their interests, ideas, stories, photos, music, and
videos with other registered users.
feed (news/activity on social networks)
provides a listing of the most recent
content posted to the network.
media sharing site
YouTube or Flickr, you
can manage media such as photos, videos, and music and share
them with other site members.
Metadata
h is data that describes other data
Consumer review networks
let purchasers post online ratings and
reviews of practically any product or service.
Discussion forum networks
let you have online
conversations on any topic.
upvote
promote
information literacy
is the ability to find, evaluate, use, and communicate online
information.
spider/crawler
is software
that combs the web to find webpages and add new data
about them to the database, thereby building an index,
index
listing of terms and their locations.
A query
a search term entered into a search engine
on the web to obtain results.
search tool
finds online information based on criteria you
specify or selections you make
web directory, or
subject directory
s an online guide to subjects or
websites, usually arranged in alphabetic order
keywords
the descrip
tive word or phrase you enter to obtain a list of results, and
produce a list of results that include the words or phrase.
hits
the most relevant results
Search operator
(Boolean operator) - characters, words, or symbols that refine the search
word stem,
the base of a word used to broaden a search
CARS
credible, accurate,
reasonable, and supportable
citation
formal reference to a source
intellectual property rights
legal rights
protecting those who create works such as photos, art,
writing, inventions, and music.
copyright
gives authors and artists the legal right to
sell, publish, or distribute an original work.
digital rights
management (DRM)
a collection of technologies
used by software publishers and trade groups to fight software
piracy (theft) and prevent unauthorized copying of digital
content; includes authentication, certificates of authenticity,
encryption, and digital watermarks.
public domain
means that
the item, such as a photo, is available and accessible to the
public without requiring permission to use; therefore, it
is not subject to copyright.
fair use doctrine
allows you
to use a sentence or paragraph of text without permission
if you include a citation to the original source.
Creative Commons (CC)
nonprofit organization
that helps content creators keep copyright to their materials
while allowing others to use, copy, or distribute their work.
