Chapter 2 Flashcards
Objective Assessment
Measurement that is not dependent on the individual making the assessment
Subjective Assessment
Measurement that relies on interpretation by the individual making the assessment
Reliability
The consistency of scores that are expected to be the same
Error Variance
Variations of a measurement that are the result of irrele-vant, chance fluctuations
Internal Consistency
Reliability
Degree of consistency between subparts or equivalent parts of a test
Test-Retest Reliability
The degree of consistency between the results of the same test taken on different occasions
Patterns
The basic underlying mechanisms of personality that dynamically direct activity and remain relatively stable
Validity
The extent to which a test measures what it is supposed to be measuring
Construct Validity
The extent to which a test truly measures a theoretical construct
Convergent Validation
The extent to which an assessment is related to what it should be related to
Discriminant Validation
The extent to which an assessment is not related to what it should not be related to
Criterion-Related
Validation
The extent to which an assessment predicts outcome criteria that were produced by different assessment methods
Multitrait-Multimethod
Perspective
The use of multiple assessment methods and various traits in order to determine test validity
Content Validity
The extent to which a test is measuring the domain it is supposed to be measuring
Item Response Theory (IRT)
A mathematical approach to choosing test items in which the probability of a positive response to an item is determined by the person’s estimated position on the underlying trait being mea-sured, as well as by characteristics of the item
Ethnic Bias
A type of bias in which a test fails to take into account the relevant culture or subculture of the person being tested
Q-sort
A method of personality assessment in which a person is given a stack of cards naming various characteristics and is asked to sort them into piles
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
A measurement of electrical brainwave activity using electrodes attached to the outside of the skull
Psychotherapeutic
Interview
An interview in which a client talks about the important or troubling parts of his or her life
Typology
A categorical scheme in which a person is a member of only one of a small set of groups
Thematic Apperception
Test (TAT)
A projective test in which a participant is asked to make up a story (including what will happen in the future) about a picture that is presented
Case Study Design
A research method that involves an in-depth analysis of a single individual
Correlational Studies
Studies in which the degree of relationship between two variables (or among multiple variables) is assessed
