Chapter 2 Flashcards
Elements of Communication:
- Message source, or sender
- Destination, or receiver of the message
- Channel
All messages are broken into smaller pieces that can be easily transported together across a medium.
Segmentation
Segmenting messages has two primary benefits:
- Multiplexing
- Increased efficiency of network communication
________ occurs when the segments of two or more messages can shuffle into each other and share the medium.
Multiplexing
The downside to using segmentation and multiplexing to transmit messages across a net
work is _______________________________
the level of complexity that is added to the process.
Refers to a piece of equipment that is either the source or the destination of a message on a network
End device
Generic term for an end device that sends or receives messages is
Host
Servers are hosts that are set up to store and share information with other hosts called ____
Clients
A unique physical address used by hosts inside a local-area network (LAN)
Host address
Connect end users to their network. Examples are hubs, switches, and wireless access points.
Network access devices
Connect one network to one or more other networks. Routers are the main example.
Internetwork devices
Route services such as IPTV and wireless broadband.
Communication servers
Connect users to servers and networks through telephone or cable.
Modems
Secure the network with devices such as firewalls that analyze traffic exiting and entering networks
Security devices
The three main types of media in use in a network are:
- Copper
- Fiber-optic cable
- Wireless
______ messages refers to the way data is converted to patterns of
electrical, light, or electromagnetic energy and carried on the medium
Encoding
A group of end devices and users under the control of a common administration.
A local-area network (LAN)
A network that is used to connect LANs that are located geographically far apart.
A wide-area network (WAN)
An ________ is a collection of two or more LANs connected by WANs.
Internetwork
___________, which are often also TSPs, connect their customers to the Internet.
Internet service providers (ISP)
provides the physical connec
tion to the network at the PC or other host device.
Network interface card (NIC)
is a connector or outlet on a networking device where the media is connected to a host or other networking device.
Physical port
refers to how the device can allow two different networks to communicate
Interface
These rules, or protocols, that work together to ensure successful communication are grouped into what is known as a
protocol suite
The organizations that standardize networking protocols are
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
a common protocol that governs the way that a web server and a web client interact.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
is the transport protocol that manages the individual conversations between web servers and web clients
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
The most common internetwork protocol
Internet Protocol (IP)
responsible for taking the formatted segments from TCP, encapsulating them into packets, assigning the appropriate addresses, and selecting the best path to the destination host.
Internet Protocol (IP)
Network access protocols describe two primary functions:
data-link management and the physical transmission of data on the media.
provides a model that closely matches the structure of a particular protocol suite.
protocol model
provides a common reference for maintaining consistency within all
types of network protocols and services.
reference model
