CHAPTER 2

Question 1

Central Nervous System consists of?

Answer 1

Brain
•Cerebrum
•Cerebellum
•Brain stem
•Limbic system
•Nerves that control voluntary acts (neurotransmitters)

Question 2

Cerebrum
•Two hemispheres
•Four lobes: frontal

Answer 2

•Frontal lobe (thought, body movement, memories, emotions, moral behavior)

Question 3

Cerebrum
•Two hemispheres
•Four lobes: Parietal

Answer 3

Parietal lobe (taste, touch, spatial orientation)

Question 4

Cerebrum
•Two hemispheres
•Four lobes: Temporal lobe

Answer 4

Temporal lobe (smell, hearing, memory, emotional expression)

Question 5

Cerebrum
•Two hemispheres
•Four lobes: Occipital lobe

Answer 5

•Occipital lobe (language, visual interpretation such as depth perception)

Question 6

Cerebellum

Answer 6

Below cerebrum
•Center for coordination of movements and postural adjustments
•Reception, integration of information from all body areas to coordinate movement and posture

Question 7

Brain Stem

Answer 7

Midbrain: reticular activating system (motor activity, sleep, consciousness, awareness) and extrapyramidal system
•Pons: primary motor pathway
•Medulla oblongata: vital centers for cardiac, respiratory function
•Nuclei for cranial nerves III through XII
•Locus coeruleus: norepinephrine-producing neurons (stress, anxiety, impulsive behavior)

Question 8

Limbic System

Answer 8

Above brain stem

Thalamus (activity, sensation, emotion)
•Hypothalamus (temperature regulation, appetite control, endocrine function, sexual drive, impulsive behavior)
•Hippocampus and amygdala (emotional arousal, memory)

Question 9

Limbic System
•Above brain stem
•Thalamus

Answer 9

•Thalamus (activity, sensation, emotion)

Question 10

Limbic System
•Above brain stem
Hypothalamus

Answer 10

Hypothalamus (temperature regulation, appetite control, endocrine function, sexual drive, impulsive behavior)

Question 11

Limbic System
•Above brain stem

Hippocampus and amygdala

Answer 11

•Hippocampus and amygdala (emotional arousal, memory)

Question 12

Neurotransmitters

Answer 12

Chemical substances to facilitate neurotransmission
•Important in right proportions to relay messages; studies showing differences in brains of people with some mental disorders
•Play role in psychiatric illness and psychotropic medications, including their actions and side effects

Question 13

Neurotransmitters
•Excitatory

Answer 13

Excitatory
•Dopamine: complex movements, motivation, cognition, regulation of emotional response
•Norepinephrine: attention, learning, memory, sleep, wakefulness, mood regulation
•Epinephrine: fight-or-flight response
•Glutamate: neurotoxic effects at high levels

Question 14

Neurotransmitters
•inhibitory

Answer 14

•Inhibitory
•Serotonin: food intake, sleep, wakefulness, temperature regulation, pain control, sexual behaviors, regulation of emotions
•GABA: major inhibitory neurotransmitter; modulation of other neurotransmitters
•Excitatory or inhibitory
•Acetylcholine: sleep-and-wakefulness cycle; signals muscles to become alert
•Histamine: neuromodulator

Question 15

Psychoimmunology

Answer 15

compromised immune system possibly contributing, especially in genetically at-risk populations

Question 16

Brain Imaging Techniques

Answer 16

Brain Imaging Techniques
•Computed tomography (CT)
•Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
•Positron emission tomography (PET)
•Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)