Chapter 2 Flashcards
Which of the following is NOT a form of energy?
A) Heat
B) Water
C) Light
D) X-radiation
B) Water (Water is a form of matter, not energy.)
What is the maximum number of electron shells an atom can have?
A) 1
B) 3
C) 5
D) 7
D) 7
Which of the following is NOT a form of ionizing radiation?
A) Cosmic rays
B) X-rays
C) Radio waves
D) Gamma rays
C) Radio waves
Which of the following statements about electromagnetic radiations is true except?
A) They have a negative electrical charge.
B) They have no mass.
C) They pass through space as particles and in a wavelike motion.
D) They have no weight.
A) They have a negative electrical charge
They have no electrical charge
Which of the following statements about x-rays is not true?
A) They travel at the speed of light.
B) They are invisible.
C) They have no mass.
D) They cannot affect biological tissue.
D) X-rays cannot affect biological tissue.
Which of these is NOT an SI unit of measurement?
A) Sievert
B) Roentgen
C) Coulombs per kilogram
D) Gray
B) Roentgen (Roentgen is a traditional unit of measurement.)
The SI unit for measuring absorbed dose is the:
A) gray.
B) sievert.
C) rad.
D) rem.
A) Gray
The greatest exposure to ionizing radiation to the population comes from:
A) CT scans.
B) Radon and thoron.
C) Dental x-rays.
D) Nuclear medicine.
B) Radon and thoron
The speed of a wave is its:
A) wavelength.
B) velocity.
C) frequency.
D) photon.
B) Velocity
The majority of x-rays produced by dental x-ray machines are formed by:
A) characteristic radiation.
B) Radionuclide decay.
C) Bremsstrahlung radiation.
D) Coherent scattering.
C) Bremsstrahlung radiation
Radiation is best described as a:
A) substance that occupies space.
B) resistor of heat.
C) type of electricity.
D) movement of energy.
D) Movement of energy
The smallest particle of a substance that still retains the properties of that substance is a(n):
A) atom.
B) electron.
C) neutron.
D) molecule.
D) Molecule
The emission and movement of electromagnetic or particulate energy through space is known as:
A) ionization.
B) radiation.
C) radioactivity.
D) the formation of ion pairs.
B) Radiation
The measure of the number of waves that pass a given point per unit of time is known as the:
A) angstrom unit.
B) wavelength.
C) frequency.
D) velocity.
C) Frequency
When x-rays pass through matter, which interaction results in x-rays being scattered in all directions 60 percent of the time?
A) Coherent effect
B) Photoelectric effect
C) Compton effect
C) Compton effect
The amount of energy deposited in the teeth or soft tissue by any type of radiation is called the:
A) exposure amount.
B) absorbed dose.
C) dose equivalent.
D) background radiation.
B) Absorbed dose
The unit used to measure the dose equivalent of radiation is the:
A) gray (Gy).
B) sievert (Sv).
C) coulomb per kilogram (C/kg).
D) roentgen (R).
B) Sievert (Sv)
The sievert and rem are units of measurement for:
A) the radiation exposure in the air.
B) the amount of energy absorbed by tissues.
C) the comparison of biological effects.
D) all of the above.
C) The comparison of biological effects
A weighting (qualifying) factor is used to determine which of the following?
A) Coulombs per kilogram
B) Sievert
C) Roentgen
D) Gray
B) Sievert
The wavelength determines the energy and penetrating power of the radiation. The longer the wavelength, the higher the energy of the radiation.
A) The first statement is true. The second statement is false.
B) The first statement is false. The second statement is true.
C) Both statements are true.
D) Both statements are false.
A) The first statement is true. The second statement is false. (Shorter wavelength = higher energy and more penetrating power.)
Matter is defined as the ability to do work and overcome resistance.
False (Energy is defined as the ability to do work and overcome resistance.)
An atom is the smallest part of an element that still retains properties of that element.
True
Electrons have a positive charge.
False (Electrons have a negative charge.)
The innermost electron shell in an atom is the K shell.
True
Dental x-rays do not involve the use of radioactivity.
True
X-rays travel at the speed of sound.
False (X-rays travel at the speed of light.)
Wavelength and frequency are directly related.
False (Wavelength and frequency are inversely related.)
X-rays make the materials they pass through radioactive.
False
The photoelectric effect is an all-or-nothing energy loss.
True
The Compton effect causes x-rays to be scattered in all directions.
True
The number of electrons in the nucleus of an element determines its atomic number.
False (The number of protons determines the atomic number.)
Background radiation includes cosmic rays from outer space, naturally occurring radiation from the earth, and radiation from radioactive materials.
True
Kinetic energy is the internal energy within the atom that holds its components together.
False (Binding energy holds components together.)
The total number of protons in the nucleus of an atom determines the atomic number.
True
Energy that travels in a different direction than that of the original x-ray is collectively called “secondary radiation.”
True
The majority of x-rays produced by dental x-ray machines are formed by general (bremsstrahlung) radiation.
True
The electromagnetic spectrum arranges energy types by decay rates.
False (It arranges energy types by wavelengths.)
X-rays of high energy and extremely short wavelengths are classified as hard radiation.
True
Ionizing radiation is energy that is capable of producing ions.
True
Electromagnetic radiation is propelled through space as both particles and waves.
True
What is defined as anything that occupies space and has mass?
Matter
What are the positively charged particles in the nucleus of an atom called?
Protons
What is the term for atoms that have gained or lost electrons and electrical neutrality?
Ions
What is the name of the process in which unstable elements undergo spontaneous decay in order to become stable?
Radioactivity
What is the term for bundles of energy that travel through space at the speed of light?
Photons
What is the speed of a wave called?
Velocity
When radiation has great penetrating power, what is it called?
Hard radiation
Should you wait 30 seconds after making an exposure before entering the room?
No
People living on the Colorado Plateau receive a higher dose of what type of radiation than people living in Philadelphia?
Background radiation
One gray equals how many rads?
100
