Chapter 2 Flashcards
This was the era of challenges and responses. It is a period of major changes that affect man and society. During this period, such concepts of liberalism, industrialism, democracy, social realization, and nationalism gained control and sparked and radical changes in science, technology, economics, socio-cultural, and political condition.
Nineteenth century
Throughout the 19th century, ________ was in state of political instability, there was
an ideological battle between the liberals and the conservatives.
Spain
The creation of ____________ in _______ failed to get rid of tulisanes, instead, they became an oppressive force in the provinces as Rizal showed in his novels.
Guardia Civil
1868
The ___________ is a period of massive changes in Europe, Spain, and in the
Philippines. During this era, the glory and power of Spain had warned both in her colonies and in the world.
19th century
Social scientists marked the 19th century as the birth of ___________ as well as the birth of ______________ around the world.
modern life
many nation-states
The birth of modernity was precipitated by three great revolutions around the world:
the Industrial revolution in England
the French Revolution in France
the American Revolution
This is basically an economic revolution which started with the invention of steam engine and resulted to the use of machinery in the manufacturing
sector in the cities of Europe.
Industrial Revolution
The industrial revolution has changed the economy of Europe from _________ to ________.
feudalism
capitalism
an economic system which relied on land and agriculture
feudalism
an economic system which relied on machinery and wage labor
capitalism
A radical transformation of the economy took place between the middle of the
eighteenth century and the middle of the nineteenth; something that might almost be called a/an ____________, with a concomitant development of agricultural industries and domestic as well as foreign trade.
agricultural revolution
The economic opportunities created by the Industrial Revolution had encouraged Spain in 1834 to open the Philippine economy to _____________.
world commerce
the government monopoly was removed in _______
1882
They’re those who belonged to the landed gentry and who were highly respected in their respective pueblos or towns.
ilustrados
The ilustrados who belonged to the landed gentry and who were highly respected in their respective pueblos or towns, though regarded as ____________ or ________ by the friars.
filibusteros or rebels
This started a political revolution in
Europe and in some parts of the world.
French Revolution (1789-1799)
This revolution is a period of political and social upheaval and radical change in the history of France during which the French
governmental structure was transformed from absolute monarchy with feudal privileges for the rich and clergy to a more democratic government form based on the principles of citizenship and inalienable rights.
French Revolution
With the overthrow of monarchial rule, democratic principles of __________, ___________, and __________–the battle cry of the French Revolution started to spread in Europe and around the world.
Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity
From 1834 to 1862, Spain had ___ constitutions, ___ parliaments, and ____ ministers with portfolio.
four
28
529
This refers to the political upheaval during the last half of the 18th century in which the 13 colonies of North America overthrew the rule of the British Empire and rejected the British monarchy to make the United States of American a sovereign nation.
American Revolution
The abuses and injustices made by the Spanish officials were as follows:
- Instability of Colonial Administration
- Corrupt Spanish Officials
- No Philippine Representation to the Spanish Cortes
- Human Rights Denied to the Filipinos
- No Equality before the law
- Mal-administration of Justice
- Racial Discrimination
- Frailocracy and Secularization Filipino Priests
- Force Labor and Excessive taxes
- Haciendas owned by Friars and Spanish Officials
Filipino nationalism is brought about by
certain factors:
- Racial Prejudice
- Influx of Liberal Ideas
- Secularization Of The Church
3.1 Secularization Movement - The Polo or Forced Labor
- Cavite Mutiny
The _______________ affirmed that secular
priest be appointed to administer the parishes in the colony.
Council of Trent (1545-63)
In 1567, Pope Pius V issued the ___________, which allowed the regular clergy to serve as parish priest without diocesan authorization and be exempted from bishop’s authority.
Exponi Nobis
When and who issued Exponi Nobis
Pope Pius V in 1567
In 1870, _________________ wrote to the Spanish Regent advocating secularization
and mentioned that discrimination against Filipino priests would encourage anti-Spanish sentiments.
Archbishop Gregorio Meliton Martinez
_________________ accepted the resignation of regular priests and appointed native secular priests to the parishes.
Archbishop Basilio Santa Justa
On ______________, a royal decree ordering the secularization of parishes became the basis for the appointment of native secular clergy. This was suspended in _______ due to opposition of the friars and the unpreparedness of the native priests.
November 9, 1774
1776
Two kinds of priests that served the Catholic Church in the Philippines
Regular Priests and Secular Priests
They belonged to religious orders. Their main task was to spread Christianity.
Regular Priests
They were trained to run the parishes and were under the supervision of the
bishops.
Secular Priests
The word ________ is actually a corruption of the Tagalog pulong, originally meaning “meeting of persons and things” or “community labor”.
polo
______________ were either Filipino or Chinese male mestizos who were obligated to give personal service to community projects, like construction and repair of infrastructure, church construction, or cutting logs in forests, for forty days.
Drafted laborers
Those who were required to render labor for these various projects in the colony.
All able-body males, from 16 to 60 years of old, except chieftains and their elder sons
Polo or forced labor was instituted in ______ and reduced to 15 days per year in ______.
1580
1884
the person who renders forced labor
polista
He is a liberal Spaniard who practiced liberal and democratic principles.
He abolished flogging, relaxed media censorship, and began limited secularization of education.
Gov. Gen. Carlos De La Torre
When ____________ replaced De La Torre in 1871, he totally discarded the liberal
measures. The privileges of arsenal workers and others regarding exemption from tribute and force labor were also abolished.
Rafael De Izquierdo
About ________ Filipino soldiers and dock
workers of Cavite, under the leadership of ___________, Mutinied and killed their Spanish Officers. It was suppressed and La Madrid and 41 others were executed in
Bagumbayan (present- Luneta).
200
Sergeant La Madrid
The mutiny was used by the Spanish officials to implicate the liberal critics of the government. Rumors were gradually spread and led into the abduction of 3 Priests, they were Fathers _____________, _____________, and ____________. They were sentenced to death by garrotte on _____________.
Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora
February 17, 1872
Is a weapon, most often referring to a handheld ligature of chain, rope, scarf,
wire or fishing line used to
strangle a person
Garrote
In ________, a revolution led by the liberals in Spain deposed Queen Isabella
II and gave rise to the Provisional Republic of Spain.
1868
The republican government was overruled with the restoration of monarchy. _________, son of King Victor Emannuel II of Italy, accepted the invitation to assume the Spanish crown in ______________.
Amadeo
December 1870
