Chapter 2

Question 1

What are some deviant behaviours that reflect criminal behaviours?

Answer 1

Drug dealing, assault, robbery, or homicide.

Question 2

Is deviance always criminal in nature?

Answer 2

NO

Question 3

What are the two types of Physical Deviance?

Answer 3

1. Violations of aesthetic norms, which refer to deviations from societal expectations about appearance, such as height, weight, or the presence/absence of physical disfigurements.
2. Physical incapacity, which includes individuals with physical disabilities.

Question 4

What does “Physical deviance as a marker” means?

Answer 4

It means that society uses a person’s physical characteristics to judge the.

Question 5

Setting unrealistic standards of beauty can lead to…?

Answer 5

Deviant behaviours, such as harmful eating disorders like anorexia or bulimia, or the pursuit of unnecessary plastic surgeries.

Question 6

What is Snapchat dysmorphia?

Answer 6

It’s a condition in which people want to alter their physical appearances so that they look like their own filtered and altered selfies.

Question 7

Self-injury as another form of physical deviance includes…?

Answer 7

cutting, burning, branding, scratching, picking at skin, reopening wounds, biting, hair pulling, bone-breaking, etc…

Question 8

Body mods as deviant…

Answer 8

includes piercing, scarification, extreme tattooing, etc…

Question 9

Rules by subcultures:

Answer 9

Societal norms influence our views on acceptable sexual behaviour, but these boundaries are often challenged by emerging trends, businesses, and various subcultures that create their own rules.

Question 10

Polygamy as deviant

Answer 10

It is a subculture in which men are allowed and encouraged to take multiple wives.

Some religions and subcultures still allow and encourage men to take multiple wives.

Question 11

Cyber deviance

Answer 11

Deviances that arise from the internet/ medias

Question 12

Cyber deviance: Approach to self-injury

Answer 12

Adler and Adler’s (2007) study shows how self-injury has transcended into cyberspace, where the internet now provides self-injurers with safe spaces to connect, breaking their isolation.

Question 13

What is Elite deviance?

Answer 13

It refers to criminal and deviant acts committed by large corporations, powerful political organizations, and individuals with prestige and influence.

Question 14

Elite deviance may result in…?

Answer 14

1. physical harms, including death or physical injury;
2. financial harms, including robbery, fraud, and various scams; and
3. moral harms, which are harder to define but encourage distrust and alienation among members of the lower and middle classes.

Question 15

What is positive deviance?

Answer 15

generally understood as intentional behaviours that depart from community norms in honourable ways.