Chapter 2

Question 1

Nationalism

Answer 1

Feeling of oneness and common consciousness that emerges from people living in a common territory that share the same political and cultural background, sake cultural views and consider themselves as one nation. Nationalism also denotes patriotism, love for one’s own country.

Question 2

Repressive colonial policies of lord lytton

Answer 2

1. He organised a Grand Delhi Durbar in 1877
2. He introduced the Vernacular Press Act 1878 and Indian Arma Act 1878
3. The maximum age limit for the Indian Civil Service Examination was reduced from 21 to 19 years, making it difficult for Indians to compete for it.
4. The import duties on Bristis textiles were removed.

Question 3

Contribution of Raja Rammohan Roy

Answer 3

In 1828, he founded Brahmo Sabha which was later renamed as Brahmo Samaj. main teaching of Brahmo Samaj is monothesism.
He was against the rigidity of caste system.
Started a campaign for the abolition of Sati and Purdan system.
Condemned polygamy, discouraged child marriage and advocated the right of widows to remarry.
It was because of his efforts Sati was legally banned in 1829by lord William bentick
Known as father of Indian Renaissance and the prophet of Indian Nationalism.

Question 4

Additional contribution of Raja Rammohan Roy

Answer 4

In 1814, started Atmiya Sabha and carried on persistent struggle against idol worship and meaningless religious rituals.
To raise the status of women, he demanded that they be given the right to inheritance and property.
Started a Bengali weekly called the ‘Samwad Kaumudi’ in 1821.
Started a paper in Persian called the ‘Mirat-ul-Akhbar’.
Wrote a book ‘Gift to Monothesis’.

Question 5

Contribution of Jyotiba Phule

Answer 5

Upliftment of untouchables
In 1854, established a school for untouchables
Founded satya sadhak in 1873.
Wrote many books like ‘Tales of
Untouchables’.
Wrote a famous book ‘Gulamgiri’ to describe the hardships and distress felt by the lower castes.

Upliftment of women
In 1851, he along with his wife, started ine of the first girls school in Pune.
In 1854 started private orphanages for widows.
Pioneered widow remarriage movements in Maharashtra and worked for the education of women.

Question 6

Role of the press

Answer 6

Amrit bazar patrika, the Bengali, the tribune, the pioneer, the times of india, the Hindu sand the statesman in English.
It was through the press the message of patriotism and modern ideas of liberty, equality, home rule and independence spread among people.
Carried on daily criticism of unjust policies of British government
Exposed the true nature of British.
Made possible the exchange of views among different social groups.
Made Indians aware of what was happening in the world.

Question 7

Precursor of Indian national congress

Answer 7

East india association 1866
- founded in London by Dadabhai naroji
India association 1876
- headed by surendranath banerjee

Question 8

Formation of Indian national congress (conference)

Answer 8

Initiative taken by A.O.hume, retired british member of Indian civil service
Wrote letters to graduates of Calcutta University to dedicate themselves to service of people by forming a union to organise a well-defined course of action.
In 1884 hume in consultation with the indian leaders laid the foundations
First session in Mumbai, gokuldas tejpal sanskrit college from dec 28 to 31, 1885.
On the suggestion of Dadabhai naroji the name of the union was changed to indian National Congress