Chapter 2

Question 1

an advanced state of human society, in which a high level of government, social structure, religion, technology, and agricultural practices have been reached.

Answer 1

Civilization

Question 2

a cultural region centered around southern Mexico in which a number of early American civilizations developed.

Answer 2

Mesoamerica

Question 3

the belief in or worship of more than one God.

Answer 3

Polytheistic

Question 4

a self-governing region consisting of a city and it’s surrounding territory.

Answer 4

City-State

Question 5

closely watched the stars to keep track of yearly patterns such as seasons.

Answer 5

Astronomy

Question 6

to keep track of the days and what you have going on at the moment.

Answer 6

Calendars

Question 7

approximately 800 different symbols, or pictographs.

Answer 7

hieroglyphs

Question 8

Farming where trees are cut down, burned, and then new crops are planted in rich soil in rotating fields.

Answer 8

Slash-and-burn

Question 9

people arrived in South America around 1200 C.E.

Answer 9

Inca

Question 10

a group of countries or region controlled by one ruler.

Answer 10

Empire

Question 11

include a variety of geographic features.

Answer 11

Andes Mountains

Question 12

The plateaus were important to the Inca society just as they are important today.

Answer 12

plateaus

Question 13

to preserve a body by embalming it and wrapping it in cloth.

Answer 13

mummify

Question 14

powerful ruler

Answer 14

Emperor

Question 15

The only Inca

Answer 15

Sapa Inca

Question 16

family unit, usually more than one family

Answer 16

allyus

Question 17

carved flat land in the side of hills or mountains for planting crops

Answer 17

terraces

Question 18

a farm that you plant one a terrace

Answer 18

terrace farming

Question 19

a human-made channel across land that moves water from its source to where its needed for growing crops

Answer 19

Irrigation canal

Question 20

a vehicle consisting of a chair or bed carried on two poles by people or animals

Answer 20

litter

Question 21

a channel or canal made for moving water across land

Answer 21

aqueduct

Question 22

a great city built on an island in the lake

Answer 22

Technochtitlan

Question 23

the 9th and last true emperor of the ancient Aztec civilization

Answer 23

Montezuma II

Question 23

floating garden

Answer 23

chinampas

Question 23

homes of commoners made from logs or clay bricks

Answer 23

adobe

Question 24

a raised roadway across a swamp or body of water

Answer 24

causeways

Question 25

a widespread outbreak of a contagious disease

Answer 25

epidemic

Question 26

planting one crops, harvesting it and then immediately planting another crop

Answer 26

multi-cropping

Question 27

planting multiple types of crops together

Answer 27

intercropping

Question 28

a fence, commonly made of wooden poles standing on end, that surrounds a settlement to protect it from attack

Answer 28

palisade

Question 29

a wide, water-filled ditch built to surround a settlement or building to protect it from attack

Answer 29

moat

Question 30

a high cliff often overlooking a river

Answer 30

bluff

Question 31

usually square or rectangular built with dirt and packed hard and flat on the top

Answer 31

earthen mounds

Question 32

a system or organization in which people or groups are ranked according to status or authority

Answer 32

hierarchy

Question 33

an offering or payment to a leader or ruler

Answer 33

tribute