Chapter 2 Flashcards
PRECEDE-PROCEED
Predisposing, Reinforcing, Enabling & Policy, Regulatory, Organizational
Impact Objectives
LEARNING (short-term, knowledge, attitudes, skills), BEHAVIORAL (actions that engage population), and ENVIRONMENTAL (social - peer pressure, physical- clean air or water, psychological - emotional learning climate, service - access to health care, economic - incentives)
Outcome Objective
looks at ultimate goals but are SMART; include changes in risk reduction, morbidity, disability, mortality, or quality of life
Process Objectives
activities and tasks that are completed to reach the desired outcome i.e. # of presentations made, audience size, staff performance, and resources - funding, materials, and space
PRECEDE-PROCEED: Phase 1 - Social Assessment
Defines the quality of life of the population
PRECEDE-PROCEED: Phase 2 - Epidemiological Assessment
Identify the health problems of the priority population and determine and prioritize behavioral (individual) and environmental (external) risk factors associated with the health problem
PRECEDE-PROCEED: Phase 3 - Educational and Ecological Assessment
Determine predisposing (individual knowledge and affective traits), enabling (those that make possible a change in behavior, such as skills), and reinforcing (feedback and encouragement for a changed behavior, perhaps from significant or important others) factors
PRECEDE-PROCEED: Phase 4 - Administrative and Policy Assessment
Determine the resources (funding, staff, other) available for the program
PRECEDE-PROCEED: Phase 5 - Implementation
Select strategies and activities; begin program
PRECEDE-PROCEED: Phase 6 - Process Evaluation
Document program implementation, feasibility, and gather feedback
PRECEDE-PROCEED: Phase 7 - Impact Evaluation
Assess the immediate effect of an intervention
PRECEDE-PROCEED: Phase 8 - Outcome Evaluation
Determines whether long-term program goals were met
MATCH (Multilevel Approach to Community Health)
multi-level socio-ecological planning model with five phases
1. health goals selection
2. intervention planning
3. program development
4. Implementation preparation
5. Evaluation
CDCynergy Lite
health communication and social marketing model
1. Describe the Problem
2. Analyze the problem
3. Plan the intervention
4. Develop the intervention
5. Plan the evaluation
6. Implement the plan
Adult Learning Principles
- Help set the curriculum: choose training ethods, or identify training goals
- Review past experiences and knowledge: this avoids redudant information within training
- Problem-Solving skills: hands on content
- Conduct assessments to engage and learn goals for the training
- Offer diverse needs and learning style: a variety of methods, perspectives, and content
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
- physiological needs (food, water, warmth)
- safety needs (security and safety)
- social belongingness (sense of belonging)
- esteem (status, achievement)
- self-actualization (personal fulfillment)
Traditional principles of marketing
product, place, price and promotion
Gantt Chart
visual representation of all the tasks that need to be completed before, during, and after the program
Program evaluation and review technique (PERT)
track progress and allows for visualization of relationships between tasks
critical path method (CPM)
graphically shows timelines and relationship to tasks - adds the ability to show those components that are most important to sticking to the planned schedule/timeline
program adaptation
- assess community
- understand the possible interventions
- select the intervention
- consult with experts
- consult with stakeholders
- decide on needed adaptations
- adapt the original program
- train staff
- test the adapted materials
- implement the adapted program
- evaluate the adapted program
measure of fidelity
identifying and documenting that the program is being implemented as planned in the designated order - use activity logs, document reviews, observations, reports, surveys, Gantt charts, logic models, or interviews
dose
program units delivered via program activities
multiplicity
number of activities
Human resources management - four core functions
planning, acquisition, development, and sanction (PADS)
importance of sustainability in program implementation
-should be considered from the start; gather input from partners and key stakeholders to generate ideas through ongoing data collection. This allows for development and refinability to lead to a successful program
process evaluation measurements
fidelity, completeness, and exposure (advocacy evaluation –> looking at the message reach as well as activities and tactics used)
memorandum of understanding
MOA, a document in which the agreement and principles of that agreement between two parties is captured and outlined and is often less formal than a legal contract
political capital charting
understanding what the ability of a legislative is using tracker systems or state or local newspapers; this helps the educator understand if the decision-makers are supportive of the policy or not
communications capacity analysis
understanding what the ability of a legislative is using tracker systems or state or local newspapers; this helps the educator understand if the decision-makers are supportive of the policy or not
community leader surveys
look at asset inventory’s to identify skill gaps in membership colaitions and potential memebrs
voting record examination
this allows the health educator to gauge is the decision-maker if in favor or against the policy
policy brief
provided to a decision-maker when attmepting to convince that person to take a specific action on an issue; and covers not only policy options but also recommendations
Grassroots Lobbying
example is hosting a town-hall meeting and door to door petitions; an attempt to change the public’s mind on legislation
Media advocacy
responding to members of the media for health-related information
Capwiz
a site where elected officials by location are listed, can be used to connect constituents with the appropriate elected official based on zip code
Ballotpedia
an online encyclopedia of American politics and elections, has lifetime voting records for US Senators and Representatives
SOPHE Action Center
society of health educators and members of the public health field that provides constituents with access to health education materials
APHA Legislative Action
has legislation updates that contain information about health-related legislation, a media guide that allows members to send electronic letters to local media, and the legislative action center that has regular updates posted on legislation and allows members to email local political representatives
task force
an action-oriented, time-limited alliance for health issue advocacy
Phases of an effective advocacy plan
- political/organizational analysis
- issue identification and framing
- goal creation
- information gathering
- actions
- evaluation
Five elements of an advocacy plan
- Goals
- Organizational considerations
- Constituents, allies, and opponents
- Targets
- Tactics
Implementation stage influence on policymaking
draft rules: Draft rules in the implementation of policymaking are essential guidelines that help ensure policies are effectively put into practice. Define goals, evaluate/find resources, assign roles, educate stakeholders, monitor, plan, and evaluate
campaign reach
relies to the use of lobbying, via direct communications with a member of the employee of the legislature
policy awareness
health educators should be aware of the policies that govern them in their workplace to avoid any potential violations
asset inventory
can be used to identify skill gap sin coalition membership, and potential members with expertise related to the health issues and/or advocacy skills
four types of briefs
- information briefs (research on policy approaches is summarized)
- Issue briefs (all available evidence is summarized
- Policy impact briefs (have most information on an issue, having large amounts of existing evidence as well as potential impact of policy implementation
- policy briefs (summarize best practices and policy options–> used for implementation and development)
