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PSYC 323 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

Definitions

1
Q

genes

A

specific sequence of nucleotides and are recipes for making proteins

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2
Q

mitosis

A

cells nucleus making an exact copy of all the chormosomes and splitting into 2 cells

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3
Q

meiosis

A

gametes chromosomes duplicate and then divide twice resulting in 4 cells containing only half the genetic material of the original gamete

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4
Q

genotype

A

the genetic info of all organisms

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5
Q

phenotype

A

the observable physical traits of an organism

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6
Q

homozygous

A

same version of the gene from each parent

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7
Q

heterozygous

A

different version of the gene from each parent

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8
Q

dominant

A

express themselves in the phenotype even when presented with a different version of the gene

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9
Q

recessive

A

express themselves only when paired with a similar version of the gene

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10
Q

incomplete dominance

A

dominant gene does not completely supress the recessive gene

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11
Q

monozygotic twin

A

identical
2 fertilized eggs split apart in the first 2 weeks

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12
Q

dizygotic twin

A

fraternal
2 eggs are released and fertilized by seperate sperm

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13
Q

dominant genetic disorder

A

not usually as serious and debilitating

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14
Q

recessive genetic disorder

A

less likely to be caught

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15
Q

sex-linked genetic disorder

A

defective gene is found on the x-chromosome

(males at higher risk)

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16
Q

trisomy 21
(down syndrome)

A

occurs when there are 3 rather than 2 21st chromosomes

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17
Q

turners syndrome
(XO)

A

part or all of one chromosome is lost; impacts cognitive functioning and sexual maturation of females

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18
Q

klinefelters syndrome
(XXY)

A

extra x chromosome present in the cells of a male

19
Q

genotype-environmental correlations

A

the process by which genetic factors contribute to variations in the environment

20
Q

behavioral genetics

A

scientific study of the interplay between genetics and environmental contributions on behavior

21
Q

passive bg

A

passively inherit genes with environmental encouragement

22
Q

evocative bg

A

social environment reacts to the individual based on inherent characteristics

ex. shy, outgoing

23
Q

active bg

A

seek out environments that support genetic tendencies

ex. seeking athlectic partner for athletic kids

24
Q

genotype-environment interactions

A

genetic susceptibility to the environment

ex. psychopathology in adopted childen

25
Q

epigenetics

A

study modifications in DNA that affect expression and are passed on when the cell divides

26
Q

the germinal period

A

14 days
conception to implantation of the egg in the lining of the uterus

27
Q

zygote

A

new cell containing the combined genetic info from both parents

28
Q

blastocyst

A

inner and outer group of cells that results from the first 5 days of mitosis

29
Q

embryonic disk

A

the inner group
becomes the embryo

30
Q

trophoblast

A

outer group
support system to nourish development

31
Q

the embryonic period

A

3rd-8th week
upon implantation of the blastocyte

32
Q

embryo

A

multicellular organism

33
Q

placenta

A

structure connected to the uterus that provides nourishment and oxygen to the embryo

34
Q

cephalocaudal development

A

from head to tail growth

35
Q

proximodistal development

A

from midline outward growth

36
Q

the fetal period

A

9th week until birth

37
Q

age of viability

A

the first chance of survival outside the womb

roughly 24 weeks

38
Q

neural plate

A

location of the stem cells in the embryo

39
Q

neurogenesis

A

formation of neurons

85 billion of them

40
Q

hippocampus

A

part of the brain responsible for learning and memory

41
Q

gray matter

A

contains cell bodies

42
Q

white matter

A

contain axons that form from the neural pathways

43
Q

teratogens

A

environmental factors that can contribute to birth defects

ex. alc, mercury

44
Q

neonatal abstinence syndrome

A

baby addicted to drug and going through withdrawl after birth

PSYC 323 (2 decks)

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