Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

Number of protons IN THE NUCLEUS (also number of electrons)

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1
Q

What is the mass number?

A

Number of protons AND neutrons in the nucleus

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2
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons BUT the same number of protons and electrons

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3
Q

What is an ion?

A

Where an atom has lost or gained an electron

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4
Q

What is relative isotopic mass?

A

The mass of an isotope compared with 1/12th of the mass of an atom of Carbon-12 (mass no. 12)

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5
Q

What is relative atomic mass?

A

The WEIGHTED MEAN mass of an atom compared with 1/12th of the mass of an atom of Carbon-12

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6
Q

What does Ar take into account?

A

The percentage abundance of each isotope & the relative isotopic mass of each isotope.

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7
Q

How do we figure out the percentage abundance & relative isotopic mass?

A

Through mass spectroscopy

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8
Q

What is the first stage of a TIME OF FLIGHT mass spectrometer?

A

To vaporise the sample and then ionise into a SINGLE POSITIVE ION

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9
Q

Why do we ionise the sample into a single positive?

A

To make the mass to charge ratio (M/Z) equal to the masses of the isotopes (as mass/1 will always = the same)

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10
Q

How do we ionise the sample? What is the ionic equation of this?

A

By blasting it with a high energy beam of electrons (which knocks 1 electron off the shell). X(g) + e- –> X+(g) + e-
+ e-

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11
Q

What is the second step of mass spectroscopy?

A

The ions are accelerated to the same kinetic energy, by an electrical field (neg = opps attract) however they are going to different velocities as shown by the equation.

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12
Q

What are the results of mass spectroscopy?

A

The lowest masses always arrive first due to the kinetic energy equation (dividing by a smaller number = a bigger number)

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13
Q

What do you get after this?

A

A computer analyses the results and creates a mass spectrum.

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14
Q

How do you calculate the Ar with a mass spectrum?

A

Ar = (abundance x rim) + (abundance x rim) etc/total perc abundance

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