Chapter 2 Flashcards
Growth and Development
the growing point atop an unelongated stem (located at or near the surface of the ground); base of leaves and partially hidden within enclosing leaf sheaths
crown
lower portion of the leaf, tightly rolled or folded around the main axis of the shoot
sheath
upper portion of the leaf, leaf blade, relatively flat and extends outward at an angle from sheath
lamina
a membranous or hairy structure varying in size and shape
ligule
opposite the ligule, outer side of the leaf, light green or whitish band
collar
base of the leaf blade extension of two clawlike appendages
auricle
what are three important features in distinguishing different turfgrass species?
ligule, collar, auricle
What is a highly compressed stem with a succession of nodes separated by very short internodes
crown
What type of roots develop during seed germination
seminal (primary)
What type of roots arise from nodes along a stem and usually constitute the entire root system?
adventitious (secondary or nodal)
What grows below the surface of the ground and give rise to new shoots at their terminals and nodes
rhizomes
What produces new shoots and adventitious roots, and grow along the surface of the ground
stolons
an elongated portion of the axis between the cotyledon and the coleoptile of a grass seedling
mesocotyl
outer bract of seed
lemma
inner bract of seed
palea
rachilla
base of palea- a short stemlike structure
dried fruit- contains the true seed surrounded by a pericarp
caryopsis
pericarp
ovary wall
thin proteinaceous material that plays a role in germination
aleurone layer
what are the four parts of a true seed
pericarp, seed coat, endosperm, embryo
which part of the true seed will provide food during germination process
endosperm
primary root
radicle
pointed protective sheath covering the emerging shoot
coleoptile
root sheath is a protective layer of tissue that surrounds the radicle
coleorhiza
upper shield covering of embryo. Provides nourishment to the developing embryo, between endosperm and main body of embryo
scutellum
self-fertilization within a permanently closed flower
cleistogamy
large thin walled, highly vacuolated, transparent epidermal cells present in the intercostal zones of leaf blades
bulliform cells
What class PGR? Interferes with the production of the plant hormones called gibberellins, which influences cell elongation, photoperiod response, and chilling tolerance
Class A PGR
What class PGR? Interferes with gibberellin biosynthesis, but at earlier stages in the production pathway
Class B PGR
What class PGR? mitotic (cell division) inhibitors; they arrest new growth for a limited time period (3-4 weeks)
Class C PGR
Which micronutrient is the central constituent of the chlorophyll molecule and aides in the absorption of phosphorous
Magnesium
name the five plant hormones
auxin, gibberellins, ethylene, abscisic acid, cytokinin
Which plant hormone is this? controls seed and bud dormancy, the control of organ size and stomatal closure
abscisic acid
Which plant hormone promotes cell division in plant roots and shoots. They are involved primarily in cell growth and differentiation, but also affect apical dominance, axillary bud growth, and leaf senescence
cytokinins
gibberellins
ethylene
cytokinins
