Chapter 2 Flashcards
Levels of Organization of the Human Body
The directional movement of ions by facilitated diffusion through protein channels is determined by __________________.
the electrochemical gradient of the ion being transported
Simple and facilitated diffusion differ because _____________.
facilitated diffusion requires the presence of a transport protein within the plasma membrane, while simple diffusion does not
Changes in the membrane potential trigger the opening or closing of ____________________.
voltage-gated channels
The ____________________ determines if glucose moves into or out of the hepatocyte.
glucose concentration between the intracellular and extracellular fluid
A reduction in the number of glucose carrier proteins within the plasma membrane _____________ the rate of glucose diffusion.
decreases
List the Levels of Organization of the body from the simplest level at the top to the most complex level at the bottom of the list
- chemical
- organelle
- cell
- tissue
- organ
- system
The substance Glycogen is what classification of organic molecule?
Carbohydrate
The substance RNA is what classification of organic molecule?
Nucleic acid
The substance Enzyme is what classification of organic molecule?
Protein
The substance Phospholipid is what classification of organic molecule?
Lipid
What is the process that occurs inside cells that produces long strands of amino acids?
Protein synthesis
Primary and secondary active transport proteins differ in that primary active transport proteins __________________.
move both molecules against their gradients, while secondary active transport proteins couple the movement of an ion down its gradient with the movement of another molecule against its gradient
The Na+/K+ ATPase moves sodium in the _________________ direction compared with the direction it travels through sodium leakage channels.
opposite
The sodium-iodide symporter plays a role in the accumulation of iodide in the thyroid gland. Here, one iodide gets converted to one iodine, which is utilized for the formation of either of the two types of thyroid hormones, T3 and T4. T3 and T4 are named after the number of iodines found in each of these hormones. To produce a single molecule of T3, a total of ____________ sodium ions must move down their concentration gradients by secondary active transport. The movement of iodide ions occurs in the _________________ direction as sodium ions.
six; same
Ouabain is a poison that binds to the Na+/K+ pump in the cell membrane and inhibits its action. The expected result of this poison on secondary active transport is ______________________________.
a loss of the ion concentration gradient that drives this process
What is NOT a shape of an epithelial cell?
Stratified
What is a statement that correctly describes epithelial tissue?
Epithelial tissues cover and line all body surfaces including organs, vessels, and ducts
What represents a body system with associated major organs and structures?
Endocrine system—adrenal glands, pancreas, thyroid gland
What organ system is responsible for communication and hormone production?
Endocrine system
What organelle DOES NOT play a part in synthesizing and processing proteins?
Mitochondria
What is NOT a function of proteins?
Storing energy
ACGUUGCACGU represents what kind of strand?
mRNA
What will happen if the ribosome reads a faulty mRNA which calls for a tRNA that brings an amino acid that is still correct, due to the redundancy of the genetic code?
The protein that is produced will be correct
