Chapter 2 Flashcards
The somatic nervous system provides sensory and motor innervation for:
peripheral nerves.
The proteins and other materials used by the axon are synthesized ____ and then flow down the axon through its cytoplasm.
in the cell body
Supporting cells of the nervous system, such as Schwann cells, satellite cells, and types of glial cells, function to provide neurons with:
local protection
Neurons are characterized by the ability to communicate with other neurons and body cells through:
action potentials
Chemical synapses rely on ____ in order to provide communication between neurons
transmitter molecules
The blood-brain and CSF-brain barriers control the chemical environment of the brain by allowing easy entrance to only a few chemicals that include:
oxygen
The perception of where a stimulus is in space and in relation to body parts is a function of the:
parietal lobe
The pia mater is a connective tissue sheath that covers the spinal cord and also contains:
fibrocartilage
Which of the following is the neurotransmitter for most postganglion sympathetic neurons?
Catecholamines
In contrast to the sympathetic nervous system, the functions of the parasympathetic nervous system include:
anabolism
Which of the following substances provides the majority of the fuel needs of the neurologic system?
Glucose
A 60-year-old woman has been recently diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, a disease in which the oligodendrocytes of the patients central nervous system (CNS) are progressively destroyed. Which physiologic process within the neurologic system is most likely be affected by this disease process?
Nerve conduction
A neuron has been hyperpolarized. How will this affect the excitability of the neuron?
The neuron will have a membrane potential farther from the threshold
A pregnant womans most recent ultrasound is suggestive of spina bifida, and her primary care provider has subsequently order further diagnostic testing. The pathophysiologic effects of this disease are due to:
abnormal closure of the neural tube
Which of the following messages is most likely to be carried by general somatic afferent (GSA) neurons?
The sensation of cold when touching ice
Which of the following processes is most likely to occur as a result of a spinal reflex?
Withdrawal of a hand from a hot stove element
A patient has required mechanical ventilation following a traumatic head injury sustained in a motorcycle crash, during which he sustained damage to his respiratory center. Which of the patients brain structures has been injured?
Brain stem
A patient with a diagnosis of epilepsy has required surgical removal of part of her prefrontal cortex. Which of the following effects should her family and care team anticipate?
Changes in behavior and judgment
A patients primary care provider has prescribed a b-adrenergic receptor blocker. Which of the following therapeutic effects do the patient and care provider likely seek?
Reduction in heart rate and blood pressure
Neurotrophic factors contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis in which of the following ways?
By promoting the growth and survival of neurons
