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chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

expalin Local storage

A

(like a phone’s memory or a PC hard drive) directly connects to a single device and isn’t accessible by others on the network.

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2
Q

NAS is great for sharing files within a local network, but what about huge companies with vast amounts of data spread across locations?

A

SAN

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3
Q

Many organizations combine SAN and NAS functionalities into a single system for both block-level and file-level access.

A

t

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4
Q

what is Virtual Machine File System (VMFS)

A

A file system designed specifically for virtual machines (VMs) used in VMware’s vSphere platform.

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5
Q

VMFS key features

A

Shared Storage

  • Unlike traditional file systems with single-server access, VMFS is a clustered file system.
  • Multiple virtual machines (VMs) can access and modify the same storage resources simultaneously.
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6
Q

explain Network File System (NFS)

A

Sharing Files Over a Network

NFS is a file-sharing protocol that allows multiple computers to access files on a central storage system (NAS) over a network.

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7
Q

… is The only NAS protocol supported by vSphere

A

NFS

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8
Q

benefits of Virtual Volumes (VVOLS)

A

Granular Control: Manage storage for each VM independently (backups, archives).

Detailed Insights: Gain data services, statistics, and reporting specific to each VM.

Flexibility: VVOL size can be adjusted, unlike fixed-size LUNs.

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9
Q

explain vvols

A

Virtual volumes are like having individual containers for each of your files, instead of storing them all in one big box.

Think of it as organizing your clothes in separate drawers instead of piling them all in one closet.

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10
Q

what is vSAN

A

vSAN is a software-defined storage solution from VMware that addresses the challenges of traditional SAN (Storage Area Network)

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11
Q

what are VASA (vSphere Storage APIs for Storage Awareness) Providers

A

are software components that help vSphere, VMware’s virtualization platform, understand and communicate with storage arrays.

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12
Q

How vSAN Works:

A

Leverages software within the ESXi hypervisor to virtualize physical storage of ESXi hosts.

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13
Q

vSAN uses _____ storage

A

Uses object-based storage, grouping disks from multiple hosts into disk groups.

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14
Q

vSAN Relies on virtual … and … for networking within the clustered storage.

A

routing and switching

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15
Q

vSAN Key Components:

A

vSAN Cluster: A group of ESXi hosts working together to provide shared storage.

vSAN Datastore: The common pool of storage created from the combined storage of all cluster hosts.

Disk Groups: Logical containers grouping multiple disks together on each ESXi host.

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16
Q

vSAN requires at least … for optimal performance.

A

one flash device per disk group

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17
Q

The vSAN datastore is only accessible by hosts within the vSAN cluster.

A

t

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18
Q

vSAN can present storage to external systems using …

A

iSCSI LUNs.

Think of it like this: The lending club your friends formed (vSAN cluster) has some extra space. They can section off a part (iSCSI LUN) and let someone outside the club use it, like renting out a storage locker. This external user can access their data on the locker over a network connection.

Here’s a key limitation to remember: These iSCSI LUNs cannot be used by virtual machines within the vSAN cluster itself. They are strictly for external systems.

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19
Q

Traditional storage relies on dedicated hardware appliances like … and …

A

SAN (Storage Area Network) and NAS (Network Attached Storage).

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20
Q

Benefits of Software-Defined Storage:

A

Increased Efficiency and Flexibility
Reduced Costs
Improved Scalability
Simplified Management

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21
Q

The Role of Hypervisors in SDS:

A

the hypervisor interacts with the software-defined storage layer to provide virtual machines with the storage they need.

22
Q

list and explain Types of Software-Defined Storage

A
  • Hypervisor-based: Uses a storage hypervisor to manage multiple storage pools (e.g., VMware vSAN).
  • Hyper-Converged Infrastructure (HCI): Combines compute, storage, and networking resources in a single package.
  • Container-based: Designed specifically for containerized applications (e.g., Docker).
23
Q

.. storage model is Bottom-up, Array-Centric

A

traditional

  • Static storage pools are configured beforehand.
  • Services are pre-defined, hoping they match application needs.
  • Inefficient use of resources.
24
Q

.. storage model is Top-down, VM-Centric

A

Software-Defined Storage Model

  • Applications and their needs dictate storage requirements.
  • Storage services are dynamically provisioned based on application policies.
  • “Just-in-time” model ensures resources are allocated only when required.
25
Q

explain Virtual Data Plane

A

Stores data and applies data services like compression, replication, caching, snapshots, deduplication, and ensures data availability.

26
Q

… Hides the physical storage hardware and presents data services to the management layer (control plane).

A

virtual data plane

27
Q

Traditional vs. Virtual Data Plane

A

Traditional: Data plane operates on physical entities like LUNs and storage volumes.

Virtual: Data plane virtualizes physical resources, pooling them into logical, flexible virtual datastores.

28
Q

whats the row of the The control plane

A

bridge between infrastructure and applications in SDS Software-Defined Storage by understanding how virtual machines get what they need.

29
Q

The control plane enables

A

Standardized management across storage tiers.

Policy-driven automation for storage provisioning and control.

Enforcement of compliance regulations throughout the application lifecycle.

30
Q

explain Storage Policy-based Management (SPBM)

A

automates storage provisioning and by:

Storage Policies
Automated Provisioning &
Dynamic Adjustment

  • rather than traditional storage’s guesswork and predefined resource pools
31
Q

Benefits of SPBM:

A

Eliminates guesswork
Reduces waste
Simplifies management

32
Q

what are data services

A

Data services are functionalities that enhance storage capabilities

33
Q

give examples of data services

A

Snapshots
Cloning
Replication
Caching (storing frequently accessed data for faster retrieval)
Encryption (securing data)
Searching

34
Q

Traditional vs. Virtual Data Services

A
  • tied to physical storage VS.
  • applied directly to specific VMs
35
Q

what are the Benefits of an Hyper-Converged Infrastructure (HCI) Model

A

Efficiency

Simplified Management

Cost Savings: Less hardware needed

Improved Security: Built-in security that meets compliance standards.

High Availability: Minimal downtime.

Business Agility: Easy to scale and adapt to changing needs

36
Q

The 3 Core Components of VMware’s HCI Software Stack

A

vCenter Server: Centralized management for vSphere environments , [ the boss ]

vSphere: World’s leading server virtualization software, [ The Virtual Office Space ]

vSAN: Unique vSphere-embedded storage [ The Shared Storage Solution ]

37
Q

HCI leverages … to seamlessly integrate data center management tools.

A

APIs

38
Q

Hyper-Converged Storage vSAN: Two Deployment Options?

A

All-Flash vSAN Cluster:
Hybrid vSAN Cluster:

39
Q

All-Flash vSAN Cluster:

A

Leverages high-performance devices like SSDs and PCI-E flash.

Ideal for demanding applications requiring extreme performance

Imagine a high-performance sports car with a powerful engine (SSDs and PCI-E flash).
This option is ideal for demanding applications that need extreme speed

40
Q

explain Hybrid vSAN Cluster:

A

offers a balance between performance and cost-effectiveness.

The flash storage provides a speed boost for frequently accessed data, while the magnetic disks offer larger capacity for storing all your data.

  • The Family Sedan
41
Q

vSAN utilizes a two-layer design for efficient storage management. they are…?

A
  • Cache Layer (Flash):
  • Capacity Layer (Magnetic):
42
Q

… Stores frequently accessed “hot” data for faster retrieval

A

Cache Layer (Flash):

43
Q

Acts as a temporary buffer for data being written to the capacity layer (write buffering).

A

Cache Layer (Flash):

44
Q

Cache Layer (Flash) uses … for high performance.

A

Uses flash devices (SSDs or PCIe)

45
Q

… Provides persistent storage for less frequently accessed “cold” data.

A

Capacity Layer (Magnetic):

46
Q

… Employs magnetic disks for cost-effective long-term storage.

A

Capacity Layer (Magnetic):

47
Q

vSAN uses objects and components to manage virtual machine (VM) data: explain them.

A

vSAN Objects:
- Logical units representing VM data
- Mirrored across the cluster for redundancy (default).
- Each object has its own “object tree” for organization.

vSAN Components:
- Further division of objects for storage allocation.
- Maximum size of 255GB, larger objects are split.
- Form the “leafs” of the object tree.

48
Q

what is Stripe width

A

(distribution of replicas)

49
Q

Replicas — affects and Stripe width — affects

A
  • affect storage availability.
  • affects disk performance.
50
Q

Objects and their components can reside on different hosts within the cluster.

A

t

This helps distribute the storage load and improve overall performance and reliability

51
Q

Benefits of a vSAN Environment

A

Simplified Management
Flexibility and Scalability
Cost-Effectiveness
Enhanced Performance
Improved Security
Streamlined Operations
High Availability

CSS (3 decks)

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