Chapter 2 Flashcards
Define Cell
Smallest structural unit in the body, specialized to carry out specific functions.
Tissue
A group of the same cells that work together to carry out a specific function.
Organ
A group of tissues that all have similar properties that work together to carry out specific functions.
Organ system
A group of organs that work together to carry out a specific function.
State that the structure of an organism….
and the way it functions are the result of all the activities of all of its cells.
Cell membrane
Separates cell from environment
Cytoplasm
The gelatinous liquid interior of a cell
Cytosol
The gel like matrix of the cytoplasm
Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth)
Endoplasmic Reticulum (rough)
Ribosomes
Site of protein synthesis in the cell
Cytoskeleton
Provides a cell its shape and structure
Nucleus
Stores genetic information
Lysosomes
Protein destruction/ recycling and security
Advantage of cells being small
higher volume to SA ratio, giving them greater SA
Epithelial tissue
Covering/lining tissue
Outer layer of skin, covering may organs (hearts, kidneys)
inner layer of hollow organs (stomach)
Epithelial tissue structure
Cells are closely joined together creating a smooth surface
Connective tissue
Provides support of the body and helps hold body parts together (bones, cartilage, tendons, ligaments)
Structure of Connective Tissue
Cells not close together, separated by matrix
Nervous Tissue Structure
Long projections from their cell body which carry messages (electrical impulses) around the body when stimulated
Metabolism
All of the chemical processes in your body that occur in order to maintain life.
Structure of muscle tissue
long, thin and can contract to become shorter
Skeletal muscle
attached to bone, voluntary control, striated
Osmosis
Movement of water molecules from high concentration to low concentration through a cells semi-permeable membrane.
Calculate S/A: Vol Ratio
SA divided by Volume
Structure of a Capillary
Very small lumen, walls one cell thick
Diffusion
Passive transport (no ATP) the movement of molecules in a fluid from areas of high to low concentration
What is a passive transport process
Type of transport across the cell membrane that doesn’t require any energy (ATP)
Chemical equation for aerobic respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
Nervous Tissue
Made of specialized nerve cells called neurons, found in brain, spinal cord and nerves
