Chapter 2

Question 1

are currently available for the
acquisition of projection radiographs.

Answer 1

Digital systems

Question 2

have been replacing
traditional analogue or screen–film (SF) systems
over the last three decades.

Answer 2

Digital radiography systems

Question 3

The transition from an SF environment to a new
digital environment should be considered as a

Answer 3

complex process

Question 4

Technical factors concerning _____________,
______________, and ____________ are some issues that could influence this
process.

Answer 4

image acquisition,
management of patient dose, diagnostic image
quality

Question 5

In a transition process from SF to digital, patient
radiation doses could increase

Answer 5

40–103%

Question 6

When compared to SF, digital technology could
increase patient radiation doses due to the _____________ they have.

Answer 6

wide
dynamic range

Question 7

the dynamic range is useful because it
contributes for a __________ when
compared to traditional SF systems .

Answer 7

better clinical image quality

Question 8

Digital imaging systems could facilitate over- or
underexposure that influences a

Answer 8

patient’s dose

Question 9

Overexposure could provide good quality
images, but may cause

Answer 9

unnecessary patient dose

Question 10

The first digital radiography system using the basic
principle of the conversion of the X-ray energy into
digital signals utilizing

Answer 10

scanning laser stimulated
luminescence (SLSL)

Question 11

scanning laser stimulated
luminescence (SLSL) .
Was developed by __________ and
introduced in the market in the beginning of the
1980s

Answer 11

Fuji (Tokyo, Japan)

Question 12

In the mid-1980s, the_____________ was developed

Answer 12

storage phosphor
systems

Question 13

Today the Storage-phosphor radiography systems or
CR systems play a fundamental role in the field of

Answer 13

digital projection radiography

Question 14

The high technical requirements and financial costs,
associated with limited image quality and difficult
handling—without a reduction of examination
time—delayed the transfer of storage phosphor
systems into routine clinical use, which started to
increase at the beginning of the

Answer 14

1990s

Question 15

development of
flat-panel detectors in the middle of .

Answer 15

1995

Question 16

_________ were initially developed to be
integrated detectors in the radiology equipment, but
more recently they are available as nonintegrated
detectors and working as a wireless or a
non-wireless technology.

Answer 16

Flat-panel detectors

Question 17

Digital systems are traditionally split into two broadly
defined categories _________ and ________

Answer 17

computed radiography, digital
radiography

Question 18

_______ that is used the Major difference among digital
technology systems related with X-ray detection and
readout process.

Answer 18

Taxonomy

Question 19

CR systems use ____________ with a
separate image readout process, which means an indirect
conversion process.

Answer 19

storage-phosphor image plates

Question 20

DR technology converts X-rays into electrical charges by
means of a direct readout process using _________

Answer 20

thin-film transistor
(TFT) arrays

Question 21

Three components of digital detectors

Answer 21

1. The capture element
2. The coupling element
3. charge readout element.

Question 22

___________ can use either a direct or an indirect process for
converting X-rays into electric charges. These detectors use
direct-readout by means of a TFT array despite the
conversion process of the X-ray beam.

Answer 22

DR detectors

Question 23

_________ have an X-ray
photoconductor—such as amorphous selenium (a-Se)—that
converts directly at only one stage X-ray photons into electric
charges.

Answer 23

Direct-conversion detectors

Question 24

______ use a two-stage technique for
conversion:
They have a scintillator, such as cesium iodide (CsI) that
converts X-rays into visible light at a first stage. That light is
then converted—at a second stage—into an electric charge
by means of an amorphous silicon photodiode array

Answer 24

Indirect-conversion systems

Question 25

was the first available digital
technology for projection radiography.

Answer 25

Computed radiography

Question 26

CR technology is based in SPS and its first clinical
application by Fuji took place at the early .

Answer 26

1980s